Table 1 Studies included in the review data set
Authors (Date) and country | Sample characteristics | Delivery way and delivery setting | Habit measurement, Total number of measurements and its time point | BCTs coding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Piao et al (2020) [19] South Korea | N = 106; office workers | Mobile online chatbot Volunteer | SRHI; 4 measurement point: 0–4 week | Habit formation, action planning, prompts/cues, Self-monitoring of behavior, Self-reward, Material reward (behaviour), Social reward, Goal setting (behavior) |
Weyland et al (2022) [35] Germany | N = 132; participants of weekly exercise courses at a German university | Offline training Volunteer | SRHI; 10 measurement point: form week1-week10 | Social support (emotional), Social reward, Prompts/cues, Self-reward |
Carels et al. (2014) [30] USA | N = 59; overweight and obese adults (body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2) | Offline training Volunteer | SRHI; 3 measurement point: at baseline, 12 week and 9-month | Habit formation, habit reversal, restructuring the physical environment, action planning, problem solving, nonspecific reward, avoidance/reducing exposure to cues for the behavior, prompt/cues, comparative imagining of future outcomes, social support (unspecified), self-monitoring of behavior |
Storm et al. (2016) [31] Germany, Netherlands | N = 790; people who want to reduce their cardiovascular risk; | Online web-based intervention Volunteer | SRHI; 3 measurement point: baseline; 8 week and 12 week | Goal setting (behavior), problem solving, action planning, review behavioral goals, feedback on behavior, social support (unspecified), instruction on how to perform behavior, information on health consequences, social comparison, habit formation |
Kaushal et al. (2018) [32] Canada | N = 97; inactive new gym members; | Offline workshop and a booster telephone follow-up Volunteer | SRBAI 2 measurement point: at baseline and 8 weeks | Habit formation, information about antecedents, action planning, prompts/cues, self-monitoring of behavior, problem solving, self-reward, behavioral practice/rehearsal |
Western et al. (2022) [34] UK | N = 51; low to moderately active adults (PA level < 2.0) | Online web-based platform Volunteer | SRHI; 3 measurement point: at baseline, 6- and 12-week | Biofeedback, Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour, Self-monitoring of behaviour, action planning, Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal, Goal setting (behaviour), Goal setting (outcome) |
White et al. (2017) [36] UK | N = 91; older adults age 60–74 years, retired, and ≥ 6 h/day leisure sitting | An information booklet Primary health care | SRHI; 3 measurement point: at baseline, 8-week and 12-week | Goal setting (behavior), action planning, self-monitoring of behavior, self monitoring of outcomes of behavior, instructions on how to perform a behavior, information about health consequences, demonstration of the behavior, behavioral substitution, habit formation, habit reversal, graded tasks, restructuring the physical environment, adding objects to the environment, framing/reframing |
Rhodes et al. (2021) [33] Canada | N = 102; parents whose children (aged 6–12 years) who did not meet international PA guidelines of at least 60 min of MVPA per day | Offline training Volunteer | SRBAI 4 measurement point: baseline, 6-week, 13-week, and 26-week | Instruction on how to perform the behaviour, Information about health consequences, Problem solving, action planning, Feedback on behaviour |
Fournier et al. (2018) [28] France | N = 49; cardiovascular patients | Offline training and phone call interview Volunteer | SRBAI 5 measurement point: baseline, 5-, 7-, 9-, 12-month | Instructions on how to perform a behavior, Demonstration of the behavior, behavioral practice/rehearsal, habit formation, action planning, prompts/cues, social support (practical) |
Fleig et al (2013) [29] Germany | N = 1166; individuals in cardiac and orthopedic rehabilitation | Telephone-delivery Primary health care | SRHI; 2 measurement point: at baseline and 18-month | Goal setting (outcome), action planning, focus on past success, self-monitoring of behavior, instructions on how to perform a behavior, demonstration of the behavior, behavioral practice/rehearsal, social support (unspecified) |