Table 1 The risk of bias assessment and the percentage of studies meeting these criteria
Criteria items | N studies meeting criterion | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 570) | Biological State (N = 80) | Posture/Activity Type (N = 70) | Intensity (N = 420) | ||
Domain 1: Patient selection/study design | |||||
1. | Did the study include a range of activities concerning the 24-hr physical behaviour construct? (i.e., activities from both areas: physical activity (e.g., walking/exercise) and sedentary activities (e.g., sitting, lying activities))1 | 210 (43%) | NA2 | 67 (96%) | 143 (34%) |
2. | Did the study protocol include at least one part/activity with natural transitions (i.e., activities performed without fixed order of instructions)?1 | 340 (69%) | NA2 | 67 (96%) | 273 (65%) |
3. | Did the study provide any information about the inclusion/exclusion of the recruiting process? | 423 (74%) | 62 (78%) | 51 (73%) | 310 (74%) |
4. | Did the study include at least a sample of 20 participants? | 440 (77%) | 64 (80%) | 43 (61%) | 333 (79%) |
Domain 2: Index measure | |||||
5. | Was the algorithm of the validated outcome reported (i.e., formula), or was at least further information cited? | 146 (26%) | 35 (44%) | 26 (37%) | 85 (20%) |
Domain 3: Criterion measure | |||||
6. | Is the selected reference the gold standard? | 432 (76%) | 80 (100%) | 41 (59%) | 311 (74%) |
Domain 4: Flow and timing | |||||
7. | Did the authors provide any information about data synchronization? | 223 (39%) | 52 (65%) | 34 (49%) | 137 (33%) |
8. | Were all participants included in the analyses or were any exclusion reasons provided? | 474 (83%) | 69 (86%) | 59 (84%) | 346 (82%) |