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Table 3 CESD-R-10 and GAD-7 scores by adherence to lifestyle recommendations at baseline (mean age 14.8 years)

From: The impact of 12 modifiable lifestyle behaviours on depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle adolescence: prospective analyses of the Canadian longitudinal COMPASS study

 

Depressive symptoms (CESD-R-10 score)

Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score)

 

Total

Females

Males

Total

Females

Males

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

 

Adherence to individual recommendations for:

Vegetables and fruit

 yes

7.94 (6.09)

8.71 (6.28)

6.56 (5.48)

6.16 (5.79)

7.18 (5.92)

4.31 (5.06)

 

 no

8.04 (5.68)

9.15 (6.11)

6.72 (4.81)

5.83 (5.28)

7.17 (5.54)

4.27 (4.47)

 

Grain products

 yes

8.00 (5.71)

9.14 (6.11)

7.03 (5.15)

5.99 (5.49)

7.41 (5.77)

4.77 (4.93)

 

 no

8.03 (5.70)

9.13 (6.12)

6.70 (4.81)

5.84 (5.29)

7.16 (5.55)

4.24 (4.46)

 

Milk and alternatives

 yes

7.39 (5.46)

8.59 (6.10)

6.47 (4.73)

5.28 (5.12)

6.82 (5.59)

4.11 (4.40)

 

 no

8.40 (5.80)

9.35 (6.12)

6.92 (4.90)

6.17 (5.37)

7.31 (5.54)

4.40 (4.56)

 

Meat and alternatives

 yes

7.81 (5.54)

8.55 (5.82)

6.50 (4.74)

5.79 (5.15)

6.71 (5.32)

4.16 (4.39)

 

 no

8.31 (5.87)

10.21 (6.50)

6.89 (4.89)

5.92 (5.47)

8.02 (5.88)

4.36 (4.56)

 

SSB

 yes

7.30 (5.61)

8.13 (6.01)

6.15 (4.77)

5.19 (5.09)

6.26 (5.36)

3.72 (4.28)

 

 no

8.33 (5.71)

9.57 (6.12)

6.93 (4.84)

6.11 (5.36)

7.57 (5.60)

4.47 (4.54)

 

MVPA

 yes

7.91 (5.69)

9.51 (6.24)

6.61 (4.83)

5.77 (5.44)

7.69 (5.78)

4.23 (4.60)

 

 no

8.11 (5.70)

8.95 (6.06)

6.82 (4.83)

5.89 (5.21)

6.93 (5.44)

4.31 (4.39)

 

Screen time

 yes

6.15 (4.95)

6.70 (5.20)

5.15 (4.31)

4.68 (5.00)

5.49 (5.28)

3.20 (4.08)

 

 no

8.13 (5.72)

9.28 (6.14)

6.78 (4.84)

5.91 (5.31)

7.27 (5.56)

4.31 (4.50)

 

Sleep

 yes

6.73 (5.04)

7.66 (5.55)

5.71 (4.18)

4.82 (4.76)

5.95 (5.08)

3.59 (4.05)

 

 no

9.25 (6.00)

10.41 (6.30)

7.76 (5.22)

6.80 (5.59)

8.22 (5.74)

4.97 (4.80)

 

No tobacco smoking

 yes

7.83 (5.58)

8.88 (5.99)

6.55 (4.72)

5.70 (5.21)

6.97 (5.49)

4.14 (4.38)

 

 no

10.78 (6.57)

13.32 (6.76)

8.63 (5.55)

7.84 (6.02)

10.33 (5.81)

5.75 (5.36)

 

No vaping

 yes

7.78 (5.59)

8.76 (5.99)

6.52 (4.74)

5.66 (5.21)

6.88 (5.47)

4.11 (4.40)

 

 no

9.33 (6.05)

11.38 (6.42)

7.55 (5.09)

6.78 (5.63)

8.94 (5.79)

4.93 (4.77)

 

No cannabis use

 yes

7.66 (5.50)

8.65 (5.90)

6.46 (4.69)

5.56 (5.15)

6.79 (5.41)

4.06 (4.35)

 

 no

10.38 (6.36)

12.36 (6.59)

8.25 (5.34)

7.65 (5.87)

9.67 (5.88)

5.50 (5.04)

 

No binge drinking

 yes

7.63 (5.50)

8.56 (5.92)

6.51 (4.70)

5.50 (5.16)

6.70 (5.45)

4.08 (4.38)

 

 no

9.24 (6.11)

10.83 (6.38)

7.33 (5.14)

6.87 (5.58)

8.57 (5.64)

4.85 (4.76)

 

Lifestyle based on overall adherence**

 Very unfavourable

10.60 (6.42)

12.47 (6.61)

8.38 (5.43)

7.89 (5.89)

9.84 (5.80)

5.62 (5.13)

 

 Unfavourable

8.34 (5.66)

9.47 (6.04)

6.98 (4.84)

6.05 (5.29)

7.40 (5.51)

4.42 (4.50)

 

 Intermediate

6.52 (5.01)

7.27 (5.42)

5.61 (4.30)

4.71 (4.77)

5.73 (5.10)

3.48 (4.02)

 

 Favourable

5.49 (4.76)

6.03 (5.15)

5.06 (4.39)

3.87 (4.90)

4.63 (5.21)

3.26 (4.57)

 
  1. MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; SD: standard deviation; SSB: sugar-sweetened beverages
  2. *Bolded are values with p-values < 0.05
  3. **Those meeting 3 or less recommendations were classified as having very unfavourable, 4–6 – unfavourable, 7–9 – intermediate, and 10–12 –favourable lifestyles