The impact of 12 modifiable lifestyle behaviours on depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle adolescence: prospective analyses of the Canadian longitudinal COMPASS study

Table 1 Existing recommendations for 12 lifestyle behaviours in adolescents in Canada

Lifestyle behaviour	Recommendation met if:†
Vegetables and fruit, servings/day	females ≥ 7, males ≥ 8
Grain products, servings/day	females ≥ 6, males ≥ 7
Milk and alternatives, servings/day	females and males ≥ 3
Meat and alternatives, servings/day	females ≥ 2, males ≥ 3
SSB, servings/day	0
MVPA, minutes/day	≥ 60
Screen time, hours/day	< 2
Sleep, hours/day	8–10
Tobacco smoking	no tobacco smoking ever or in the past 30 days
Vaping	no vaping in the past 30 days
Cannabis use	no cannabis use ever or in the past 12 months
Binge drinking	no binge drinking ever or in the past 12 months

SSB: sugar-sweetened beverages; MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
†The Canada’s Food Guide (2011) was used to determine adherence to recommendations for vegetables and fruit, grain products, milk and alternatives, meat and alternatives [31]; the Canada’s Food Guide (2021) – for SSB; [38] the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines – for MVPA, screen time and sleep. [32] Substance use behaviours are not recommended. [33,34,35].

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