Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of included trials (n=67)

Continent where trial was conducted

Publication stage

 North America

35 (52)

 Main results

49 (73)

 South America

3 (5)

 Secondary analysis/results

11 (16)

 Europe

14(21)

 Subgroup analysis

5 (8)

 Asia

8 (12)

 Protocol

1 (1.5)

 Oceania

7 (10)

 Other

1 (1.5)

Country where trial was conducted

Phase of trial

 United States

32 (48)

 Efficacy/effectiveness

55 (82)

 Australia

7 (10)

 Pragmatic

1 (1)

 Finland

4 (6)

 Feasibility/pilot

10 (15)

 Japan

4 (6)

 Other

1 (1)

 Other

24 (36)

Clinical trial registry

Group design

 ClinicalTrials.gov

29 (43)

 Parallel

63 (94)

 ANZCTR

8 (12)

 Cross-Over

0 (0)

 ISRCTN

2 (3)

 Factorial

4 (6)

 Other

2 (3)

 Adaptive

0 (0)

 Not registered

26 (39)

 Stepped-wedge

0 (0)

Sample size calculation

Randomization

 Yes

28 (41)

 Individual

61 (91)

 No

39 (59)

 Cluster

6 (9)

Study setting

Type of control group

 Community

56 (84)

 Active

36 (54)

 Assisted living/low-level care

1 (1)

 Waitlist

2 (3)

 Long-term care/ high-level care

4 (6)

 Placebo/usual care

24 (36)

 Other

6 (9)

 Not identified

5 (7)

Participant sex

PA intervention, primary type

 Males and females

57 (85)

 Combination

40 (60)

 Females only

10 (15)

 Flexibility

0 (0)

 Males only

0 (0)

 Aerobic/cardiorespiratory

9 (13)

Study goal

 Strength/resistance

13 (19)

 Superiority

67 (100)

 Balance/proprioceptive

5 (7)

 Noninferiority/equivalence

0 (0)

Intervention combination

Intervention adherence measured?

 Single

52 (78)

 Yes

52 (78)

 Multicomponent

14 (21)

 No

15 (22)

 Multifactorial

1 (1)

Intervention adherence reported?

PA intervention mode

 Yes

48 (72)

 Group

19 (28)

 No

19 (28)

 Combination

27 (40)

Adverse events reported?

 Individual

13 (19)

 Yes

45 (67)

 Unspecified

8 (12)

 No

22 (33)