Associations of home and neighborhood environments with children’s physical activity in the U.S.-based Neighborhood Impact on Kids (NIK) longitudinal cohort study

Table 2 Results of regression^a analyses: effects of environmental attributes on children’s physical activity at T1 (using multiple imputations)

	Total effect		Direct effect
	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p
Informal play space score	-0.03 (-0.30, 0.24)	0.844	-0.03 (-0.30, 0.24)	0.844
Positive AT score	0.44 (-0.38, 1.26)	0.296	0.38 (-0.49, 1.24)	0.394
Residential density (ref: single family)
Multi-family	1.33 (-5.62, 8.29)	0.708	3.14 (-5.14, 11.42)	0.458
Commercial	-0.91 (-72.12, 70.30)	0.980	-8.40 (-0.84, 67.37)	0.828
Park PA facilities score	0.17 (-0.08, 0.41)	0.179	0.17 (-0.08, 0.41)	0.179
Land use mix	0.59 (-0.68, 1.85)	0.365	0.44 (-0.90, 1.79)	0.520
Intersection density	-2.49 (-47.34, 42.37)	0.914	-8.43 (-57.26, 40.39)	0.735
No. of parks within 1 km	1.10 (-0.64, 2.84)	0.215	1.10 (-0.64,2.84)	0.215
PA equipment at home	1.25 (-0.78, 3.28)	0.230	1.25 (-0.78, 3.28)	0.230
Traffic safety	-2.67 (-9.11, 3.77)	0.417	-2.67 (-9.11, 3.77)	0.417
Crime safety	3.34 (-1.62, 8.30)	0.188	3.34 (-1.62, 8.30)	0.188

^aGeneralised additive mixed model (GAMM) with Gaussian distribution for all environmental attributes on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at T1; Total and direct effect models were adjusted for census block group cluster id and accelerometer non-wear time; direct effect models were also adjusted for covariates listed in Table S4-1 (Supplementary file 4);
^b = regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval; Play space score was measured using Informal Play Space audit tool; Positive AT score – a MAPS subscale measuring positive characteristics of the neighborhood for promoting active transport (AT); Park PA facilities score—measured using the Environmental Assessment of Public Recreational Spaces (EAPRS) audit tool; Land use mix – measured using ‘MAPS Destination Land Use (DLU) positive overall’ score; Residential density – measured using ‘MAPS Res_Density_Mix_recode’ score

ISSN: 1479-5868