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Table 2 Associations of changes in physical activity or leisure screen time before and during COVID-19 pandemic with psychological conditions (n = 2423)

From: Association of Changes of lifestyle behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with mental health: a longitudinal study in children and adolescents

 

Cases

ORa

P valued

ORb

P valued

ORc

P valued

Depression

 Change in physical activity

  Persistently inactive (n = 63)

16 (25·4%)

1 (reference)

  Became inactive (n = 620)

151 (24·3%)

0·78 (0·42,1·44)

0.019

0·95 (0·49,1·83)

0.594

0·95 (0·49,1·83)

0.807

  Became active (n = 90)

16 (17·8%)

0·54 (0·24,1·22)

0·63 (0·27,1·48)

0·64 (0·27,1·50)

  Persistently active (n = 1650)

254 (15·4%)

0·49 (0·27,0·89)

0·57 (0·30,1·10)

0·58 (0·30,1·11)

 Change in leisure screen time

  Persistently short (n = 1616)

256 (15·8%)

1 (reference)

  Became shorter (n = 59)

13 (22·0%)

1·39 (0·72,2·67)

0.065

1·33 (0·68,2·62)

0.267

1·14 (0·58,2·24)

0.525

  Became longer (n = 631)

133 (21·1%)

1·34 (1·05,1·71)

1·42 (1·11,1·83)

1·36 (1·06,1·75)

  Persistently long (n = 117)

34 (29·1%)

1·71 (1·09,2·68)

1·74 (1·09,2·79)

1·70 (1·07,2·71)

Anxiety

 Change in physical activity

  Persistently inactive (n = 63)

21 (33·3%)

1 (reference)

  Became inactive (n = 620)

182 (29·4%)

0·83 (0·47,1·47)

0.271

0·90 (0·50,1·64)

0.414

0·90 (0·49,1·63)

0.098

  Became active (n = 90)

19 (21·1%)

0·52 (0·25,1·10)

0·53 (0·24,1·17)

0·55 (0·25,1·20)

  Persistently active (n = 1650)

337 (20·4%)

0·56 (0·32,0·97)

0·62 (0·35,1·12)

0·63 (0·35,1·14)

 Change in leisure screen time

  Persistently short (n = 1616)

317 (19·6%)

1 (reference)

  Became shorter (n = 59)

18 (30·5%)

1·53 (0·85,2·73)

0.420

1·35 (0·73,2·47)

0.314

1·35 (0·73,2·47)

0.398

  Became longer (n = 631)

176 (27·9%)

1·47 (1·18,1·84)

1·48 (1·18,1·85)

1·48 (1·18,1·85)

  Persistently long (n = 117)

47 (40·2%)

2·14 (1·42, 3·21)

2·13 (1·40,3·26)

2·13 (1·40,3·26)

  1. Data are shown as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of each psychological problem in the second survey calculated using logistic regression
  2. a Adjusted for student’s age, gender, grade, and psychological problem in the first survey of each outcome (e.g., for analysis of depression, depression level in the first survey was adjusted for, but anxiety and stress were not)
  3. b Further adjusted for paternal education, maternal education, and family income
  4. c Mutually adjusted for physical activity (active or inactive) and leisure screen time (shorter or longer)
  5. Children with missing or invalid data of age were excluded in model 1 (n = 11). Children with missing or invalid data of parental education or income were further excluded in models 2 and 3 (n = 121)
  6. d P Value was conducted for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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