Association of physical activity with utilization of long-term care in community-dwelling older adults in Germany: results from the population-based KORA-Age observational study

Table 3 Association of physical activity with utilization of long-term care in females – GEE logistic model

	Main analysis: LTC vs. no LTC in all observations^a			Sensitivity analysis: LTC vs. no LTC in observations without disability^b
	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p value	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p value
Physical activity (ref.: no physical activity)^c
Walking only	0.72	[0.51; 1.02]	0.0620	1.24	[0.60; 2.56]	0.5550
Exercise only	0.58	[0.35; 0.94]	0.0288	0.82	[0.32; 2.07]	0.6666
Walking + exercise	0.62	[0.44; 0.89]	0.0094	0.95	[0.49; 1.86]	0.8906
Adjusted for:
Age in years	1.05	[1.02; 1.07]	< 0.0001	1.08	[1.04; 1.12]	< 0.0001
Education in years	1.04	[0.98; 1.11]	0.1773	1.07	[0.99; 1.16]	0.0895
Living arrangements (ref: not alone)	1.20	[0.92; 1.57]	0.1718	1.49	[1.00; 2.22]	0.0505
Income (ref: sufficient)	1.14	[0.83; 1.56]	0.4128	1.16	[0.65; 2.05]	0.6162
BMI	0.99	[0.96; 1.01]	0.3857	1.00	[0.95; 1.04]	0.9063
Falls (ref.: no falls/unknown)	1.49	[1.09; 2.05]	0.0128	2.16	[1.31; 3.59]	0.0028
Multimorbidity in no. of chronic conditions	1.26	[1.15; 1.37]	< 0.0001	1.43	[1.24; 1.66]	< 0.0001
Disability score (HAQ-DI)	9.45	[7.02; 12.71]	< 0.0001	/	/	/

GEE Generalized estimating equation | LTC Long-term care | HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index
Bold numbers: significant at p ≤ 0.05
Sample for generalized estimating equation (n = 2499): sum of t₁ (n = 395) and t₂ sample (n = 2104)
^a Model includes all observations (n = 2499); observations stratified by either utilization of long-term care (n = 605) or no long-term care (n = 1894)
^b Model includes all observations without disability (HAQ-DI < 0.5) (n = 1669); observations stratified by either utilization of long-term care (n = 136) or no long-term care (n = 1533)
^c Categories of physical activity defined as: “no physical activity” = “no or low walking (≤15 mins/weekday)” + “no or low exercise” (see Additional file 1 for more information) | “walking only” = “high or moderate walking (>15mins/weekday)” + “no or low exercise” | “exercise only” = “high or moderate exercise” + “no or low walking (≤15 mins/weekday)” | “walking+exercise” = “high or moderate walking (>15mins/weekday)” + “high or moderate exercise”

ISSN: 1479-5868