Environmental and practice factors associated with children’s device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education and care centres: a systematic review

Table 6 Comparison of fixed outdoor play equipment at ECEC on physical activity and sedentary time

Study ID	Study Design	Sample size	Risk of bias	Sedentary time	MVPA	TPA
Copeland 2016 [17]	Cross-sectional	388	High	–	■	–
Dowda 2009^a [26]	Cross-sectional	299	Low	▼	▼	–
Gubbels 2018 [55]	Cross-sectional	281	Low	–	■	–
Määttä 2019 [68]	Cross-sectional	778	Low	–	–	▼
Ng 2020 [27]	Case-control	297	High	–	◄►	◄►
Olesen 2013 [56]	Cross-sectional	426	Low	–	▲	–
Sugiyama 2012 [61]	Cross-sectional	107	High	▲	▲	–
Summary effect direction				◄►	◄►	◄►

Abbreviations: MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, TPA Total physical activity. ^a = Physical activity promoting v.s. not physical activity promoting ECEC (i.e. ≤ 8 pieces of fixed outdoor play equipment v.s. > 8 pieces of fixed outdoor play equipment)
Effect direction: Study level: ▲ = fixed outdoor play equipment benefits outcomes (lower sedentary time, higher physical activity); ▼ = fixed outdoor play equipment harms outcomes (higher sedentary time, lower physical activity) ◄► = conflicting findings; ■ = (summary) statistics not presented; ‘-‘= outcome not assessed
Summary: ◄► conflicting or inconclusive findings

ISSN: 1479-5868