Environmental and practice factors associated with children’s device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education and care centres: a systematic review

Table 3 Availability of outdoor play space at ECEC on MVPA

Study ID	Study Design	Sample size	Risk of bias	MVPA
Gubbels 2018 [55]	Cross-sectional	281	Low	■
Olesen 2013 [56]	Cross-sectional	426	Low	▲
Stephens 2014 [57]	Cross-sectional	491	Low	▲
Zhang 2021^a [58]	Cross-sectional	242	High	▲
Summary effect direction				▲

Abbreviations: MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. ^a = preschoolers only
Effect direction: Study level: ▲ = availability of outdoor play space benefits outcomes (higher physical activity); ■ = (summary) statistics not presented
Summary: ▲ = studies show a positive association with availability of outdoor play space at ECEC

ISSN: 1479-5868