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Table 2 Logistic regression models predicting the odds of overweight/obesitya or having a moderate-to-high risk WCb at follow-up

From: A longitudinal examination of objective neighborhood walkability, body mass index, and waist circumference: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study

 

Unadjusted BMI Modelc

Adjusted BMI Modeld

Unadjusted WC Modele

Adjusted WC Modelf

 

OR

95% CI

P-value*

χ2

OR

95% CI

P-value*

χ2

OR

95% CI

P-value*

χ2

OR

95% CI

P-value*

χ2

Exposure

Neighborhood walkability

  

0.025

11.17

  

0.049

9.56

  

0.010

13.33

  

0.026

11.06

Very Car-Dependent

1.00

―

  

1.00

―

  

1.00

―

  

1.00

―

  

Car-Dependent

1.04

0.95 – 1.14

0.400

 

0.96

0.84 – 1.09

0.504

 

1.10

1.00 – 1.21

0.052

 

0.98

0.86 – 1.10

0.699

 

Somewhat Walkable

1.05

0.94 – 1.19

0.384

 

0.96

0.82 – 1.14

0.676

 

1.14

1.01 – 1.29

0.041

 

0.99

0.84 – 1.16

0.905

 

Very Walkable

0.88

0.74 – 1.05

0.146

 

0.75

0.59 – 0.96

0.022

 

0.84

0.71 – 1.00

0.044

 

0.69

0.55 – 0.86

0.001

 

Walker’s Paradise

0.60

0.41 – 0.88

0.009

 

0.55

0.32 – 0.93

0.026

 

0.92

0.60 – 1.40

0.704

 

0.81

0.48 – 1.37

0.432

 

Demographic Characteristics

Age (year)

    

0.96

0.95 – 0.97

 < 0.001

     

0.97

0.96 – 0.98

 < 0.001

 

Sex

Female

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

Male

    

1.22

1.08 – 1.38

0.001

     

0.06

0.05 – 0.07

 < 0.001

 

Race

Black/African American

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

White

    

1.10

0.96 – 1.25

0.177

     

1.17

1.03 – 1.33

0.013

 

Income

      

0.098

7.84

      

0.526

3.19

Less than $20,000

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

$20,000 – $34,999

    

1.28

1.04 – 1.57

0.018

     

1.07

0.87 – 1.31

0.506

 

$35,000 – $74,999

    

1.33

1.08 – 1.64

0.007

     

1.17

0.95 – 1.44

0.136

 

$75,000 and above

    

1.34

1.06 – 1.71

0.016

     

1.17

0.93 – 1.47

0.190

 

Refused

    

1.26

0.99 – 1.59

0.058

     

1.07

0.84 – 1.35

0.596

 

Education

      

0.277

3.86

      

0.523

2.25

Less than high school

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

High school graduate

    

0.84

0.66 – 1.07

0.152

     

1.04

0.82 – 1.31

0.758

 

Some college

    

0.78

0.62 – 1.00

0.051

     

0.94

0.74 – 1.19

0.622

 

College graduate or above

    

0.82

0.64 – 1.04

0.107

     

0.94

0.74 – 1.19

0.588

 

Marital status

      

0.997

0.05

      

0.521

2.25

Single

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

Married

    

0.97

0.74 – 1.29

0.854

     

1.20

0.92 – 1.57

0.187

 

Divorced/separated

    

0.98

0.73 – 1.33

0.916

     

1.11

0.83 – 1.48

0.473

 

Widowed

    

0.98

0.73 – 1.34

0.925

     

1.14

0.85 – 1.54

0.385

 

Time in study (year)

    

1.01

0.96 – 1.07

0.616

     

0.97

0.92 – 1.03

0.298

 

Health Characteristics

Baseline BMI (kg/m2)

    

1.72

1.68 – 1.75

 < 0.001

         

Baseline WC (cm)

            

1.17

1.16 – 1.18

 < 0.001

 

Presence of vascular morbidities

      

0.606

1.00

      

 < 0.001

26.30

None

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

One vascular morbidity

    

1.03

0.88 – 1.20

0.746

     

1.13

0.97 – 1.31

0.111

 

Two or more vascular morbidities

    

1.08

0.92 – 1.26

0.369

     

1.42

1.22 – 1.66

 < 0.001

 

Smoking behaviors

      

0.239

2.87

      

0.783

0.49

Never smoked

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

   

Past smoker

    

1.05

0.93 – 1.18

0.446

     

1.04

0.93 – 1.17

0.499

 

Current smoker

    

0.90

0.75 – 1.07

0.237

     

1.00

0.84 – 1.20

0.963

 

Alcohol use

      

0.205

3.17

      

0.281

2.54

Never used alcohol

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

Past alcohol user

    

1.18

0.97 – 1.42

0.094

     

0.90

0.75 – 1.07

0.239

 

Current alcohol user

    

1.02

0.89 – 1.17

0.730

     

0.90

0.79 – 1.03

0.123

 

Contextual Characteristics

NSESg

      

0.238

4.22

      

0.313

3.56

Quartile 1 (lowest NSES)

    

1.00

―

      

1.00

―

  

Quartile 2

    

1.12

0.95 – 1.32

0.171

     

0.88

0.75 – 1.03

0.103

 

Quartile 3

    

1.08

0.91 – 1.28

0.378

     

0.90

0.77 – 1.06

0.211

 

Quartile 4 (highest NSES)

    

0.98

0.82 – 1.17

0.792

     

0.86

0.73 – 1.02

0.084

 
  1. *P-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Significant findings are bolded (note significant findings for non-binary categorical variables are based on post-estimation Wald tests).
  2. aoverweight/obese: body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2
  3. bWC waist circumference – moderate-to-high risk: men with a WC ≥ 94 cm or women with a WC ≥ 80 cm
  4. cresults of test for linear trend (neighborhood walkability and unadjusted body mass index): χ2 (1, N = 12,846) = 8.66, p = 0.003
  5. dresults of test for linear trend (neighborhood walkability and adjusted body mass index): χ 2 (1, N = 12,846) = 6.73, p = 0.010
  6. eresults of test for linear trend (neighborhood walkability and unadjusted waist circumference): χ2 (1, N = 12,846) = 0.98, p = 0.322
  7. fresults of test for linear trend (neighborhood walkability and adjusted waist circumference): χ2 (1, N = 12,846) = 1.97, p = 0.161
  8. gNSES neighborhood socioeconomic status
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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