From: Healthy lifestyle, metabolomics and incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort from Spain
Ā | Ā | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Metabolite | MD (95% CI) | p-value | MD (95% CI) | p-value |
Lipoprotein profile | Cholesterol, mmol/l | ||||
āVLDL cholesterol | ā0.07 (āā0.09, āā0.04) | <ā0.001 | āā0.05 (āā0.07, āā0.03) | <ā0.001* | |
āLDL cholesterol | ā0.11 (āā0.17, āā0.05) | <ā0.001 | ā0.03 (āā0.06, 0.002) | 0.04 | |
āHDL cholesterol | 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) | 0.001 | 0.05 (0.02, 0.07) | <ā0.001* | |
āIDL cholesterol | ā0.02 (āā0.03, āā0.01) | <ā0.001 | ā0.01 (āā0.02, āā0.003) | 0.006* | |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | |||||
āVLDL triglycerides | ā0.13 (āā0.19, āā0.08) | <ā0.001 | ā0.1 (āā0.14, āā0.05) | <ā0.001* | |
āLDL triglycerides | ā0.007 (āā0.01, āā0.002) | 0.006 | ā0.001 (āā0.005, 0.002) | 0.43 | |
āHDL triglycerides | ā0.003 (āā0.01, 0.0007) | 0.11 | ā0.002 (āā0.01, 0.002) | 0.24 | |
āIDL triglycerides | ā0.007 (āā0.01, āā0.04) | <ā0.001 | ā0.005 (āā0.01, āā0.002) | 0.003* | |
Lipoprotein particle concentration | |||||
āLarge VLDL, nmol/L | ā0.18 (āā0.27, āā0.09) | <ā0.001 | ā0.13 (āā0.21, āā0.06) | <ā0.001* | |
āMedium VLDL, nmol/L | ā1.13 (āā1.64, āā0.62) | <ā0.001 | ā0.78 (āā1.24, āā0.33) | <ā0.001* | |
āSmall VLDL, nmol/L | āā7.34 (āā10.21, āā4.47) | <ā0.001 | ā5.33 (āā7.85, āā2.80) | <ā0.001* | |
āLarge LDL, nmol/L | ā4.58 (āā7.54, āā1.63) | 0.002 | āā0.98 (āā2.79, 0.83) | 0.29 | |
āMedium LDL, nmol/L | āā10.11 (āā19.62, āā0.6) | 0.04 | 1.19 (āā4.59, 6.97) | 0.69 | |
āSmall LDL, nmol/L | ā35.75 (āā50.87, āā20.63) | <ā0.001 | ā19.43 (āā29.00, āā9.87) | <ā0.001* | |
āLarge HDL, Ī¼mol/L | 0.001 (āā0.003, 0.01) | 0.68 | 0.003 (0.0002, 0.01) | 0.04 | |
āMedium HDL, Ī¼mol/L | 0.22 (0.06, 0.38) | 0.008 | 0.24 (0.08, 0.4) | 0.003* | |
āSmall HDL Ī¼mol/L | 0.25 (āā0.08, 0.57) | 0.13 | 0.35 (0.02, 0.67) | 0.04 | |
Amino acids b | Alanine | 0.14 (0.08, 0.20) | <ā0.001 | 0.11 (0.06, 0.17) | <ā0.001* |
Creatine phosphate | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <ā0.001 | 0.01 (0.002, 0.02) | 0.01* | |
Creatine | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <ā0.001 | 0.01 (0.005, 0.02) | <ā0.001* | |
Cysteine | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | <ā0.001 | 0.01 (0.004, 0.02) | 0.002* | |
Glutamine | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | <ā0.001 | 0.08 (0.04, 0.12) | <ā0.001* | |
N-acetylglutamine | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) | <ā0.001 | 0.06 (0.03, 0.08) | <ā0.001* | |
Proline | 0.12 (0.07, 0.16) | <ā0.001 | 0.09 (0.05, 0.12) | <ā0.001* | |
Tryptophan | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 | 0.02 (0, 0.05) | 0.06 | |
Tyrosine | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.002 | 0.01 (0, 0.02) | 0.08 | |
Isoleucine | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.003 | 0.04 (0, 0.07) | 0.02 | |
Leucine | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | <ā0.001 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.01* | |
Valine | 0.05 (0.02, 0.09) | 0.003 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.02 | |
Fatty acids b | CH2CH2CO | ā0.19 (ā0.29, ā0.09) | <ā0.001 | ā0.14 (āā0.24, āā0.04) | 0.006* |
CH2CH3 | āā0.13 (āā0.24, āā0.03) | 0.009 | āā0.07 (āā0.17, 0.03) | 0.15 | |
CH2N | ā3.17 (ā4.44, ā1.89) | <ā0.001 | ā2.17 (ā3.33, ā1.00) | <ā0.001* | |
CH3 | ā0.38 (āā0.61, āā0.15) | 0.001 | ā0.19 (āā0.37, āā0.003) | 0.05 | |
CHCH2CH | āā0.03 (āā0.08, 0.03) | 0.33 | ā0.003 (āā0.05, 0.05) | 0.92 | |
Isobutyrate | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.003 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.01* | |
Fluid balance b | Albumin | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) | <ā0.001 | 0.07 (0.03, 0.11) | <ā0.001* |
Creatinine | 0.03 (0.01, 0.04) | <ā0.001 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <ā0.001* | |
Energy metabolism b | Glycolysis | ||||
āCitrate | 0.07 (0.04, 0.09) | <ā0.001 | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | <ā0.001* | |
āLactate | ā0.34 (ā0.6, āā0.09) | 0.009 | āā0.24 (āā0.48, 0.01) | 0.06 | |
āPyruvate | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | <ā0.001 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <ā0.001* | |
Ketone bodies | |||||
āAcetate | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | <ā0.001 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.001* | |
āAcetone | ā0.13 (āā0.19, āā0.08) | <ā0.001 | ā0.10 (āā0.16, āā0.05) | <ā0.001* | |
ā3-Hydroxybutyrate | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | <ā0.001 | 0.08 (0.04, 0.12) | <ā0.001* | |
Products of bacterial co-metabolism b | Ethanol | ā0.05 (āā0.16, 0.06) | 0.39 | ā0.06 (āā0.16, 0.04) | 0.24 |
Isopropanol | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) | <ā0.001 | 0.05 (0.03, 0.08) | <ā0.001* | |
Methanol | 0.01 (0.002, 0.02) | 0.008 | 0.01 (ā0.0001, 0.01) | 0.05 | |
Trimethylamines | 0.09 (0.05, 0.12) | <ā0.001 | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | <ā0.001* | |
Phenylpropionate | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) | <ā0.001 | 0.09 (0.05, 0.14) | <ā0.001* | |
Phosphoethanolamines b | O-phosphoethanolamine | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | <ā0.001 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) | 0.002* |