Association between cardiac autonomic function and physical activity in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death: a cohort study

Table 3 Predictive values of HRV for long-term mortality

	Univariable Cox regression model		Multivariable Cox regression model 1		Multivariable Cox regression model 2
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Primary endpoint: cardiac death
Per 1 ms/increase^a	0.978 (0.968–0.987)	P < 0.001	0.978 (0.967–0.989)	P < 0.001	0.979 (0.968–0.991)	P < 0.001
≥75.9 ms group vs < 75.9 ms group	0.169 (0.080–0.355)	P < 0.001	0.197 (0.090–0.428)	P < 0.001	0.224 (0.103–0.489)	P < 0.001
Secondary endpoint: all-cause mortality
Per 1 ms/increase^a	0.983 (0.976–0.991)	P < 0.001	0.984 (0.976–0.993)	P < 0.001	0.986 (0.978–0.995)	P = 0.003
≥75.9 ms group vs < 75.9 ms group	0.291 (0.176–0.482)	P < 0.001	0.351 (0.205–0.600)	P < 0.001	0.394 (0.231–0.674)	P = 0.001

Multivariable Cox regression model 1 was adjusted for age at implantation, sex, BMI, LVEF, LVEDD, ICD or CRT-D implantation, NYHA Class, hypertension, DM, stroke, DCM, ICM, MI, PCI, pre-implant syncope, prior AF, use of ACEIs/ARBs, use of diuretics, and use of aldosterone antagonists. Multivariate Cox regression model 2 was adjusted for the above-mentioned confounders and additional PA
ACEIs/ARBs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, AF atrial fibrillation, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CRT-D cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator, DM diabetic mellitus, HRV heart rate variability, HR hazard ratio, ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICM ischaemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, MI myocardial infarction, NYHA New York Heart Association, PA physical activity, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
^a each additional 1 ms increase in HRV

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