From: Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study
 |  |  | Age Groups (years) |  | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1: Ages 21–30 | Group 2: Ages 31–40 | Group 3: Ages 41–50 | Group 4: Ages 51–60 | |||||
Regression | ROC | Regression | ROC | Regression | ROC | Regression | ROC | |
Moderate Intensity | ||||||||
  ≥ 64% HRmax | ||||||||
  Threshold (steps/min) | 127.5 (110.4–144.7) | 115.5 (114–122.5) | 126 (107.2–144.9) | 113.5 (110.5–120.5) | 122.7 (101.5–143.9) | 112.9 (108.7–117.2) | 116.1 (65.1–135.9) | 104.8 (100.8–112.5) |
  Se | 60 | 100 | 57.8 | 91.1 | 57.7 | 88.5 | 52.2 | 85.5 |
  Sp | 95.2 | 78.4 | 93.6 | 79.5 | 92.5 | 80.3 | 89.1 | 68.8 |
  PPV | 64.9 | 40.8 | 60.5 | 43.2 | 61.2 | 47.9 | 60 | 46.1 |
  NPV | 94.1 | 100 | 92.9 | 98.1 | 91.4 | 97.1 | 85.7 | 93.8 |
  Accuracy | 90.6 | 81.2 | 88.3 | 81.2 | 86.6 | 81.7 | 80.3 | 72.8 |
  AUC | – | 94.4 (91.8–97) | – | 92.2 (88.8–95.7) | – | 88.5 (84–93.1) | – | 82.9 (77.5–88.2) |
  ≥ 40% HRR | ||||||||
  Threshold (steps/min) | 123.8 (112.2–135.5) | 118.5 (114–121.5) | 121.3 (108.2–134.5) | 114.5 (109.5–119.5) | 119.6 (102.9–136.4) | 112.9 (110.7–116.1) | 113.8 (99.7–128) | 106 (100.9–113) |
  Se | 79.6 | 91.8 | 72.5 | 94.1 | 71.7 | 90 | 72.6 | 91.9 |
  Sp | 94.2 | 90.8 | 91.1 | 81.8 | 90.7 | 82.9 | 89.5 | 78.5 |
  PPV | 72.2 | 65.2 | 61.7 | 50.5 | 65.2 | 56.3 | 65.2 | 53.8 |
  NPV | 96.1 | 98.3 | 94.4 | 98.6 | 92.9 | 97.1 | 92.3 | 97.3 |
  Accuracy | 91.9 | 90.9 | 88 | 83.8 | 86.9 | 84.3 | 85.9 | 81.4 |
  AUC | – | 96.7 (94.9–98.5) | – | 93.9 (91.3–96.6) | – | 90.6 (86.7–94.6) | – | 91.6 (88.4–94.9) |
  ≥ 12 RPE | ||||||||
  Threshold (steps/min) | 126.5 (109.7–143.3) | 114.5 (109.5–118.5) | 120.2 (93.5–147) | 113.5 (103.5–115.5) | 117.7 (89.6–145.9) | 104.6 (102.6–112.1) | 113.3 (85.8–140.9) | 103.6 (96.5–111.4) |
  Se | 51.6 | 93.8 | 58.8 | 75.3 | 56.7 | 91.8 | 56.7 | 78.4 |
  Sp | 96.7 | 80.8 | 93.3 | 86.2 | 91.4 | 77 | 91.7 | 81.3 |
  PPV | 80.5 | 56.1 | 76.9 | 67.4 | 75.3 | 65 | 77.5 | 67.9 |
  NPV | 88.4 | 98 | 85.7 | 90.2 | 82 | 95.3 | 80.8 | 88.2 |
  Accuracy | 87.4 | 83.5 | 83.8 | 83.2 | 80.4 | 81.7 | 80.0 | 80.3 |
  AUC | – | 93.7 (91–96.4) | – | 87.8 (83.6–91.9) | – | 89.2 (85.6–92.8) | – | 86.8 (82.7–91) |
Vigorous Intensity | ||||||||
  ≥ 77% HRmax | ||||||||
  Threshold (steps/min) | 144.1 (126.9–148) | 127.5 (127.5–133.5) | 142.6 (123.8–156) | 121.5 (121.5–128.5) | 143.6 (122.5–157.4) | 123.2 (116.3–129.7) | 132.8 (113.1–151.8) | 113 (110.2–124.6) |
  Se | 22.2 | 100 | 15.4 | 100 | 17.6 | 100 | 28.6 | 100 |
  Sp | 99.7 | 90.7 | 98.6 | 84.1 | 99.3 | 78.2 | 98.2 | 72.8 |
  PPV | 66.7 | 24.3 | 33.3 | 21.7 | 60 | 21.3 | 44.4 | 15.7 |
  NPV | 97.7 | 100 | 96.4 | 100 | 95.3 | 100 | 96.4 | 100 |
  Accuracy | 97.4 | 90.9 | 95.1 | 84.8 | 94.8 | 79.4 | 94.8 | 74.1 |
  AUC | – | 96.4 (93.7–99.2) | – | 94.4 (91.4–97.4) | – | 94.3 (90.7–97.8) | – | 92.2 (87.3–97.1) |
  ≥ 60% HRR | ||||||||
  Threshold (steps/min) | 140.3 (128.6–148) | 127.5 (127.5–133.5) | 140.2 (127–153.6) | 121.5 (121.5–126.5) | 139.3 (122.5–156.2) | 117.2 (116.3–128.1) | 131.6 (117.6–145.9) | 113 (110.2–126.2) |
  Se | 30 | 100 | 12.5 | 100 | 38.1 | 100 | 35.7 | 100 |
  Sp | 99.3 | 91 | 98.6 | 85 | 98.6 | 79.3 | 97.8 | 72.8 |
  PPV | 60 | 27 | 33.3 | 26.7 | 66.7 | 26.3 | 45.5 | 15.7 |
  NPV | 97.7 | 100 | 95.4 | 100 | 95.6 | 100 | 96.8 | 100 |
  Accuracy | 97.1 | 91.3 | 94.2 | 85.8 | 94.4 | 80.7 | 94.8 | 74.1 |
  AUC | – | 96.9 (94.6–99.2) | – | 94.3 (91.6–97.1) | – | 94.6 (91.5–97.8) | – | 92.6 (87.7–97.4) |
  ≥ 14 RPE | ||||||||
  Threshold (steps/min) | 143.9 (127.2–148.0) | 124.5 (114.5–130.5) | 139.6 (112.9–156.0) | 121.5 (104.5–129.5) | 138.7 (110.6–157.4) | 120.9 (120.5–122.1) | 135.2 (107.8–151.8) | 122.2 (110.2–126.0) |
  Se | 12.5 | 87.5 | 21.1 | 84.2 | 19.0 | 90.5 | 23.8 | 81.0 |
  Sp | 99.7 | 88.4 | 99.3 | 84.8 | 97.2 | 85.6 | 99.3 | 92.9 |
  PPV | 66.7 | 29.2 | 66.7 | 26.7 | 33.3 | 31.7 | 71.4 | 47.2 |
  NPV | 95.4 | 99.2 | 95.0 | 98.8 | 94.2 | 99.2 | 94.3 | 98.4 |
  Accuracy | 95.1 | 88.3 | 91.8 | 84.8 | 91.8 | 85.9 | 93.8 | 92.1 |
  AUC | – | 94.2 (90.2–98.3) | – | 90.0 (83.7–96.3) | – | 88.2 (80.7–95.8) | – | 92.7 (87.9–97.5) |