Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies in alphabetical order, grouped by study type (i.e., GWAS and candidate gene studies)
From: Genetic variants related to physical activity or sedentary behaviour: a systematic review
1st author (year) | Population | Ethnicitya | Sample size, n (% female) | Age, years - mean (SD) - median - range | GWAS/ candidate gene | Measurement instrument(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GWAS | ||||||
De Moor (2009) [28] | General (twins) | Two groups Caucasian +N/R | 2755 (59%) Total for both groups | 43.5 (14.6)/50.0 (18.3)b N/R 14.5–79.8/19.1–87.2b | GWAS + candidate genes (ACE, CASR, CYP19A1, DRD2, LEPR, MC4R) | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Doherty (2018) [27] | General | Caucasian | 91,105 (56%) | N/R N/R 45–80 | GWAS | Accelerometry (wrist) |
Hara (2018) [29] | General | Japanese | 13,980 (55%) +replication | 54.8 (9.4) N/R N/R | GWAS + candidate genes (DNAPTP6, PAPSS2, C18orf2, GABRG3, LEPR, RN7SK–SLC44A1) | Questionnaire (IPAQ-s) |
Kim (2014) [75] | General | N/R | 8454 (53%) | 52.2 (8.9) N/R 40–69 | GWAS | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Klimentidis (2018) [30] | General | Caucasian | 377,234 (N/R) +replication | N/R N/R N/R | GWAS | Questionnaire (IPAQ-l) Subgroup (n = 91,084) accelerometry (wrist) |
Lin (2018) [31] | General (three separate studies) | Main study: African American + Caucasian | 11,865 (100%) | N/R N/R 50–79 | GWAS + candidate genes (LEPR, CASR, PAPSS2, DRD2, GABRG3, CYP19A1, ACE, MC4R) | Questionnaires (40-item Jackson Heart Physical Activity Cohort survey) + other questionnaires (name N/R) |
Candidate gene studies | ||||||
Adamska-Patruno (2019) [76] | General | Caucasian | 927 (49%) | 40.2 (0.5)c N/R N/R | MC4R | Questionnaire (IPAQ-l) |
Berentzen (2008) [77] | General population (males) | Caucasian | 551 (0%) | - N/R - 47.0/49.5 (obese/controls)b - N/R | FTO | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Boer (1997) [78] | General (students) | N/R | 1994 (N/R) | N/R N/R 18–26 | ApoE | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Bruneau (2017) [32] | General (adults) | Caucasian | 461 (56%) | 24.1 (15.7) N/R N/R | ACE | Questionnaire (PPAQ) |
Bruneau (2018) [33] | General (adults) | Caucasian | 532 (55%) | 23.4 (0.2) N/R N/R | IL-15 | Questionnaire (PPAQ) |
Cole (2010) [34] | General (families with obese children) | Hispanic | 1030 (50%) | 11.0 (3.9) N/R N/R | MC4R | Accelerometry (wrist) |
Camps (2019) [35] | General | N/R | 148 (74%) | 42 (9) N/R 18–50 | ADRB2, FTO, MC4R, PPARG2, PPARD, PPARGC1A | Accelerometry (waist) |
Espinosa-Salinas (2019) [79] | General | Caucasian | 451 (N/R) | N/R N/R 18–65 | 64 different genetic variants | Questionnaire (MLTPAQ + frequency question) |
Flack (2019) [36] | General | N/R | 178 (71%) | 26.9 (8.6) N/R 18–49 | ACE, TPH2, CNR1, DRD3, FTO, HTR2A, DRD2/ANKK1, PAPSS2, LEPR, GABRG3, BDNF, DRD2, COMT, DRD1, DRD4, DBH | Accelerometry (hip) |
Fonseca-Portilla (2019) [80] | General | Latino and Mexican | 349 (67%) | 42 (N/R) - N/R - N/R | BNDF | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Fuentes (2002) [81] | General (adults) | Caucasian | 455 (63%) | 44 (N/R)/45 (N/R)b N/R N/R | ACE | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Gielen (2014) [37] | General (twins) | Caucasian | 222 (57%) | 21 (2)/22 (5)b N/R N/R | PPARD, PPARGC1A, NRF1, MTOR | Accelerometry (lower back) |
Goleva-Fjellet (2020) [82] | General | Norwegian or Scandinavian | 831 (50%) | 55.5 (3.8) N/R N/R | ACTN3, ACE, MAOA | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Good (2015) [83] | General (children) | Diverse | 651 (54%) | DNA-samples (15 years old), physical activity level (4.5 years old) | MAOA | Questionnaire (child behaviour questionnaire) |
Grady (2013) [84] | General (elderly) | Caucasian (98%) | 310 (71%) | 95.2 (N/R) N/R 90–109 | DRD4 | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Haber (2010) [85] | General (men) | N/R | 387 (0%) | 47 (12.8) N/R 23–72 | 5-HT serotonin receptor | Questionnaire (IPAQ, version N/R) |
Hakanen (2009) [38] | General (children) | N/R | 438 (N/R) | All 15 years old | FTO | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Harbron (2014) [86] | General | Caucasian | 133 (84%) | 32.9 (4.4) N/R N/R | FTO | Questionnaire (Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire) |
Hubacek (2011) [87] | General | Caucasian | 6024 (54%) | 58.1 (6.9) N/R 45–69 | FTO | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Huppertz (2014) [88] | General (twins) | Dutch/Western European | 8768 (62%) | 32.5 (12.3) N/R 7–50 | DRD1–5 DBH COMT DAT1 | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Jensen (2014) [89] | General (children) | N/R | 268 (52%) | N/R N/R N/R | FADS | Accelerometer (hip) |
Jozkow (2009) [90] | General population (adult men) | Caucasian | 360 (0%) | 47 (12) N/R 24–72 | Androgen receptor | Questionnaire (IPAQ, version N/R) |
Jozkow (2011) [91] | General population (adult men) | Caucasian | 311 (0%) | 47 (12) N/R 24–72 | MC4R | Questionnaire (IPAQ version N/R) |
Jozkow (2013) [92] | General population (adult men) | Caucasian | 397 (0%) | 47 (12) N/R 24–72 | DRD2 DRD4 | Questionnaire (IPAQ-l) |
Kirac (2016) [93] | General (obese and healthy) | N/R | 200 (N/R) | 33.7 (9.4)/27.8 (8.3)b N/R N/R | MC4R FTO NMB | Accelerometry (hip) |
Klimentidis (2016) [39] | General | Caucasian (+Hispanic Americans and African-Americans in replication cohort) | 7318 (52%) | 45.4 (10.9) N/R N/R | FTO | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Lee (2015) [40] | General | Caucasian | 492 (53%) | 23.5 (0.3) N/R N/R | FTO, KCTD15, MC4R, NEGR1, SH2B1, TMEM18 | Questionnaire (PPAQ) |
Liu (2010) [41] | General (youth) | Caucasian and African American | 750 (46%/56%)b | N/R N/R 8–12/14-18b | FTO | Questionnaire (name N/R), Accelerometry (n = 525, placement N/R) |
Loos (2005) [42] | General (families) | French-Canadian | 669 (55%) | 52 (3.4)/28 (8.7)b N/R N/R | MC4R, MC3R, NPY NPY Y1R, CART, AGRP, POMC | Questionnaire (name N/R) + diary (3-days) |
Lorentzon (2001) [94] | General (adolescent girls) | Caucasian | 97 (100%) | 16.9 (1.2) N/R N/R | CASR | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Luglio (2016) [95] | Obese female adolescents | N/R | 78 (100%) | 13.7 (0.9) N/R 13–15 | UCP2, UCP3 | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Maestu (2013) [43] | General (adolescents) | N/R | 261 (0%) | 12.0 (0.8) | ACE | Accelerometry (hip) |
Many (2017) [44] | General (students) | Mainly Caucasian (77%) | 288 (52%) | 22.4 (2.8) N/R 18–35 | ACTN3, ARDB1, ADRB3 | Questionnaire (PPAQ) + single questions |
Moleres (2009) [96] | General (adolescents) | N/R | 504 (N/R) | 14.5 (1.1)/14.6 (1.1)b N/R 13–18 | IL6 | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Murakami (2014) [45] | General | Japanese | 556 (73%) | 47.8 (8.0)/49.3 (10.9)/50.5 (9.7)b N/R 24–65 | LEPR | Accelerometer (lower back) |
Murakami (2017) [46] | General | Japanese | 648 (74%) | Women 53.7 (11.0) Men 49.4 (12.5) N/R 26–82 | DRD2/ANKK1 | Accelerometry (waist) + questionnaire (name N/R) |
Reddon (2016) [47] | General (high risk for diabetes mellitus typer 2) | Multiple | 9228 (N/R) | N/R N/R 18–85 | 14 different genes | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Richert (2007) [48] | General (adolescents) | Caucasian | 222 (0%) | 7.4 (0.4) N/R N/R | LEPR | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Salmén (2003) [97] | General (early postmenopausal women) | N/R (Finnish) | 331 (100%) | 52.7 (2.3) N/R N/R | CYP19 | Single question |
Simonen (2003) [98] | General (family study) | French- Canadian | 721 (56%) | Women 40.1 (14.2) Men 41.2 (15.3) | DRD2 | Questionnaire (name N/R) + diary (3-days) |
Van der Mee (2018) [99] | General (twins) | Western European | 12,929 (60%) | 32.5 (16.0) N/R 12–90 | DRD1, DRD2/ANKK1, DRD3, DBH, COMT, DAT1, DRD4, DRD5, MAOA | Questionnaire (N/R) |
Van Deveire (2012) [49] | General | Caucasian | 536 (55%) | 23.4 (0.2) N/R N/R | ANKRD6 | Questionnaire (PPAQ) |
Vimaleswaran (2010) [100] | General (children and adolescents) | N/R | 2062 (54%) | 9.6 (0.4)/15.5 (0.5)b N/R 8.4–11.3/14.1–17.8b | PCK1 | Accelerometry (placement N/R) + single question |
Walsh (2012) [101] | General (sedentary) | Caucasian | 242 (54%) | 23.4 (5.4) N/R 18–39 | LEP19 | Questionnaire (PPAQ) |
West (2018) [102] | General | Caucasian | 408 (20%) | 34.9 (9.5) N/R N/R | FTO | Questionnaire (IPAQ-s) |
Wilkinson (2013) [50] | General (adolescents) | Mexican and Mexican-American | 1130 (51%) | - 14.3 (1.0) - N/R - N/R | SNAP25, CNR1, TPH2 ACE | Two questions from the Youth Risk Behavioural Surveillance System |
Winnicki (2004) [51] | Patients (untreated hypertension) | Caucasian | 355 (25%) | 33 (9) N/R N/R | ACE | Questionnaire (name N/R) |
Wong (2012) [52] | Hospital employees | Chinese (in Singapore) | 110 (65%) | 32.7 (11.2) N/R 21–61 | ACE | Questionnaire (IPAQ-s) |