Exercise and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise safety, feasibility and effectiveness

Singh, Benjamin; Hayes, Sandra C.; Spence, Rosalind R.; Steele, Megan L.; Millet, Guillaume Y.; Gergele, Laurent

doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01021-7

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 4 Summary of outcomes that had statistically significant effects based on subgroups with two or more studies

From: Exercise and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise safety, feasibility and effectiveness

Health outcomes	No. of studies	Total participants		I² (%)	Standardized mean difference (95% CI)	p-value
		Exercise	Usual care
Quality of life
Exercise mode
Aerobic exercise	4	108	83	0	0.06 (−0.23, 0.35)	0.69
Mixed mode exercise	6	202	194	0	0.25 (0.05, 0.44)	0.02*
Other	1	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a
Supervision
Supervised	5	77	73	0	0.39 (0.07, 0.72)	0.02*
Unsupervised	6	260	231	0	0.15 (−0.03, 0.33)	0.10
Intervention duration
< 12 weeks	2	44	40	0	0.31 (−0.10, 0.98)	0.12
≥ 12 weeks	9	293	264	0	0.19 (0.02, 0.36)	0.02*
Treatment
Pre-treatment	0	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a
During treatment	5	111	76	0	0.05 (−0.24, 0.35)	0.73
Post-treatment	6	226	228	0	0.27 (0.08, 0.45)	< 0.01*
Fatigue
Supervision
Supervised	4	59	61	0	0.43 (0.06, 0.79)	0.02*
Unsupervised	5	116	91	0	0.12 (−0.17, 0.40)	0.42
Aerobic fitness
Exercise mode
Aerobic exercise	5	123	100	0	0.46 (0.18, 0.73)	< 0.01*
Mixed mode exercise	12	339	330	91	0.64 (0.07, 1.20)	0.01*
Other exercise	0	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a
Supervision
Supervised	7	136	129	80	0.45 (−0.14, 1.03)	0.14
Unsupervised	10	326	301	91	0.65 (0.08, 1.21)	0.03*
Intervention duration
< 12 weeks	7	209	206	94	0.47 (−0.43, 1.38)	0.31
≥ 12 weeks	10	253	224	56	0.56 (0.25, 0.87)	< 0.01*
Timing regarding treatment
Pre-surgery	3	136	137	98	1.00 (−0.72, 2.72)	0.25
During chemotherapy	5	115	81	46	0.72 (0.27, 1.17)	< 0.01*
Post-treatment	9	211	212	68	0.28 (−0.09, 0.0.65)	0.13
Cancer
Colorectal cancer	10	371	338	91	0.55 (0.01, 1.08)	0.04*
Colon only	7	91	92	78	0.61 (−0.07, 1.28)	0.08
Rectal only	0	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a
Upper-body strength
Exercise mode
Aerobic exercise	0	−^a	−^a	− ^a	−^a	− ^a
Mixed mode exercise	5	132	124	19	0.39 (0.09, 0.69)	0.01*
Other exercise	0	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	− ^a
Supervision
Supervised	2	24	21	0	0.10 (−0.49, 0.69)	0.75
Unsupervised	3	108	103	30	0.47 (0.11, 0.83)	0.01*
Cancer
Colorectal cancer	3	117	108	36	0.43 (0.07, 0.78)	0.02*
Colon only	2	15	16	12	0.14 (−0.62, 0.90)	0.72
Rectal only	0	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a
Body fat
Supervision
Supervised	2	39	42	21	0.20 (−0.29, 0.69)	0.43
Unsupervised	5	154	187	85	0.67 (0.05, 1.30)	0.03*
Intervention duration
< 12 weeks	2	39	42	21	0.20 (−0.29, 0.69)	0.43
≥ 12 weeks	5	154	187	85	0.67 (0.05, 1.30)	0.03*
Treatment
Pre-treatment	0	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a	−^a
During treatment	1	−^a	−^a	− ^a	−^a	− ^a
Post-treatment	6	162	167	80	0.63 (0.09, 1.18)	0.02*

^a Insufficient number of studies
* Statistically significant (p < 0.05)

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