From: Factors associated with water consumption among children: a systematic review
Factor | Negative association | No association | Positive association | n/Na | Summaryb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual level | |||||
 Socio-demographic | |||||
  Age | Beltrán-Aguilar; Sohn | Cockburn; Coppinger; Fenandez-Alvira, 2014; Patel, 2014; Petter; Vieux, 2017; Wang | Barraj; Drewnowski; Feferbaum; Jomaa; Patel, 2013; Piernas; Vieux, 2016 | 7/16 | ?? |
  Sex (girl) | Jomaa; Lioret; Papandreou; Patel, 2014; Pinket 2016b; Piernas(4-8y)c; Vieux, 2016 | Beltrán-Aguilar; Bougatsas; Campos; Coppinger; Drewnowski; Fenandez-Alvira, 2014; Piernas(9–13y)c; Sichieri; Sohn; Vieux, 2017; Zohouri | Cockburn | 8/19 | ?? |
 Health | |||||
  BMI |  | Dodd; Jomaa; Maffeis; Sichieri; Vieux, 2017 | Cardon; Papandreou; Sleddens | 3/8 | ?? |
  Medical condition |  | Cockburn |  | 0/1 | 0 |
 Psychosocial | |||||
  Knowledge |  |  | Murnan | 1/1 | + |
  Expectations of drinking water |  |  | Sharma | 1/1 | + |
  Desire to drink any beverage |  | Lora |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Intention to drink water |  |  | Patel, 2014 | 1/1 | + |
  Preference water |  |  | Cullen | 1/1 | + |
  Preference sugar-sweetened beverages |  | Cullen |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Self-efficacy drinking water |  |  | Dai; Elmore; Murnan | 3/3 | + |
  Self-control drinking water |  |  | Elmore | 1/1 | + |
 Behavior | |||||
  Sleep duration |  | Franckle |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Physical activity |  | Jomaa | Senterre | 1/2 | ? |
 Consumption behavior | |||||
  Consumption fruit/vegetables |  |  | Terry | 1/1 | + |
  Consumption milk |  | Danyliw; Terry | Sichieri | 1/3 | 0 |
  Consumption sugar-sweetened beverages | Mantziki 2017; Terry | Danyliw; Sichieri |  | 2/4 | ?? |
  Consumption juice |  | Danyliw; Mantziki 2017; Sichieri; Terry |  | 0/4 | 00 |
  Consumption moisture in drinks | Kant |  |  | 1/1 | – |
  Consumption energy |  | Kant |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Consumption amount | Kant(2-5y)c |  | Kant(6-11y)c | 1/2 | ? |
  Consumption fat |  | Kant |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Consumption protein |  | Kant |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Consumption carbohydrate |  | Kant |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Consumption sugars | Kant |  |  | 1/1 | – |
  Consumption fiber |  | Kant(2-5y)c | Kant(6-11y)c | 1/2 | ? |
  Consumption sodium |  | Kant |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Number of eating occasions |  | Kant | Kakietek | 1/2 | ? |
  Consumption snack |  | Kant(2-5y)c; Terry | Kant(6-11y)c | 1/3 | 0 |
  Having breakfast |  | Kant(2-5y)c | Kant(6-11y)c | 1/2 | ? |
Interpersonal level | |||||
 Parental socio-demographic | |||||
  Education level (lower) | Ebenegger; Fernández-Alvira, 2013; Pinket 2016b | Mantziki, 2015; Jomaa |  | 3/5 | – |
  Income (lower) | Vieux, 2017 | Beltrán-Aguilar; Drewnowski; Jomaa; Vieux, 2016 |  | 1/6 | 00 |
  Socioeconomic status indicatord (lower) | Cockburn; Terry | Campos; Cunningham; Jomaa; Makkes; Milla Tobarra; Patel, 2014 | Sohn | 2/9 | 00 |
  Ethnic background/race (non-white) | Cockburn; Drewnowski; Patel, 2014 | Beltrán-Aguilar; Dodd; Ebenegger; Vieux, 2017 | Sohn | 3/8 | ?? |
  Generation immigration (first) |  |  | Parsons | 1/1 | + |
  Language (not English) |  | Cockburn | Patel, 2014 | 1/2 | ? |
  Receives nutritional support |  | Watowicz |  | 0/1 | 0 |
Parental psychosocial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Knowledge |  | Pinket,2016a |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Self-efficacy |  |  | Campbell; Mantziki, 2017; Pinket,2016a | 3/3 | + |
  Perceives barriers | Cullen | Lora |  | 1/2 | ? |
  Concern weight child |  | Lora |  | 0/1 | 0 |
Parent-child interaction | |||||
 Communicating health belief |  |  | Mantziki 2017 | 1/1 | + |
 Controlling feeding practice |  | Inhulsen; Sleddens |  | 0/2 | 0 |
 Emotional feeding practice |  | Inhulsen; Lora; Mantziki, 2017; Sleddens; | Pinket,2016a | 1/5 | 00 |
 Restrictive feeding practice |  |  | Mantziki 2017; Pinket,2016a; Sleddens | 3/3 | + |
 Modelling feeding practice |  | Mantziki 2017; Pinket,2016a | Sleddens | 1/3 | 0 |
 Negotiating feeding practice |  |  | Mantziki 2017 | 1/1 | + |
 Encouraging feeding practice |  | Sleddens | Inhulsen; Pinket,2016a | 2/3 | + |
 Instrumental feeding practice | Inhulsen | Lora; Sleddens |  | 1/3 | 0 |
 Pressure feeding practice |  | Sleddens |  | 0/1 | 0 |
 Monitoring feeding practice |  | Mantziki 2017; Sleddens |  | 0/2 | 0 |
Environmental level | |||||
 Home | |||||
  Availability soft drinks | Mantziki 2017; Pinket,2016a |  |  | 2/2 | – |
  Availability fruit juice | Pinket,2016a | Mantziki 2017 |  | 1/2 | ? |
  Availability water |  |  | Pinket,2016a | 1/1 | + |
 School | |||||
  Free access water in classroom |  |  | Kaushik | 1/1 | + |
  Having school lunch | Condon | Dubuisson | Evans | 1/3 | 0 |
  School overall |  | Vereecken |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  School compliant water regulations |  | Kakietek |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  School participates nutritious meals | Kaketiek |  |  | 1/1 | – |
  School participates nutrition training |  | Kakietek |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  School participates program targeted low income families |  |  | Kaketiek | 1/1 | + |
  School operating hours |  |  | Kakietek | 1/1 | + |
  Classroom size |  | Kakietek |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Student-teacher ratio |  | Kakietek |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Teaching staff turnover |  |  | Kakietek | 1/1 | + |
 Consumption place/time | |||||
  Eating at other’s house |  | Ayala |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Eating at restaurant | Ayala |  |  | 1/1 | – |
  Type of restaurant |  | Ayala |  | 0/1 | 0 |
  Meal time (lunch) |  |  | Campos | 1/1 | + |
  Consumption during meal |  |  | Fenandez-Alvira, 2014 | 1/1 | + |
  Consumption on weekday |  |  | Hoffmann | 1/1 | + |
 Other | |||||
  Country |  |  | De Craemer; Guelinckx | 2/2 | + |
  Region |  | Cockburn | Vieux, 2017 | 1/2 | ? |
  Outside temperature |  | Sohn; Terry | Beltrán-Aguilar | 1/3 | 0 |
  Season (summer) |  | Vieux, 2017 | Barraj | 1/2 | ? |
  Time |  |  | Bleich; Haroun; Sichert-Hellert; Zohouri | 4/4 | ++ |