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Table 3 Full models: associations of potential determinants with total physical activity (TPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB)a

From: Physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers: a longitudinal assessment of trajectories and determinants

 

TPA [cpm]

MVPA [min/day]

SB [min/day]

 

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

Demographic and biological variables

  

 Sex

46.7

(24.4, 68.9)

≤0.001

14.4

(10.1 18.7)

≤0.001

−5.1

(−13.1, 2.8)

0.208

 Age

32.5

(12.4, 52.6)

0.002

8.4

(4.6, 12.1)

≤0.001

0.4

(−6.5, 7.3)

0.906

 Birth weight

2.2

(0.2, 4.2)

0.035

0.4

(0.1, 0.8)

0.030

−0.6

(−1.4, 0.1)

0.077

 Chronic health condition

4.1

(−38.4, 46.5)

0.850

0.2

(−7.5, 7.9)

0.959

−2.2

(−17.6, 13.2)

0.779

 BMI

9.8

(−16.0, 35.6)

0.457

2.7

(−2.0, 7.5)

0.261

−5.1

(−14.6, 4.3)

0.286

 Gross motor skills

13.4

(2.1, 24.7)

0.021

2.9

(0.9, 4.8)

0.005

−1.3

(−5.2, 2.6)

0.515

 Siblings

4.8

(−17.9, 27.6)

0.676

1.8

(−2.7, 6.3)

0.431

−1.6

(−9.5, 6.3)

0.694

 Parental BMI

−0.9

(−33.2, 24.4)

0.941

0.8

(−3.4, 5.1)

0.706

−2.1

(−10.2, 5.9)

0.604

 SES

0.1

(−0.8, 1)

0.849

0.0

(−0.2, 0.1)

0.837

−0.2

(−0.5, 0.2)

0.332

 Family structure

50.8

(6.1, 95.6)

0.027

6.2

(−2.1, 14.5)

0.142

−17.3

(−33.7, −0.9)

0.039

Psychological, cognitive and emotional variables

  

 Self-regulation

−0.2

(−1.6, 1.1)

0.724

0.0

(−0.3, 0.2)

0.896

0.2

(−0.2, 0.7)

0.302

 Psychological difficulties

1.4

(−1.7, 4.4)

0.373

0.4

(−0.2, 0.9)

0.210

−0.2

(−1.3, 0.9)

0.712

 Emotionality temperament

−12.1

(−30.2, 6.1)

0.191

−2.2

(−5.6, 1.2)

0.200

4.5

(−1.6, 10.5)

0.148

 Activity temperament

30.6

(12.7, 48.5)

≤0.001

5.4

(1.9, 8.9)

0.002

−11.8

(−18.3, −5.3)

< 0.001

 Shyness temperament

−10.4

(−26.9, 6.2)

0.218

−1.5

(−4.6, 1.5)

0.317

1.4

(−4.2, 7.1)

0.623

 Parenting stress

2.0

(0.4, 3.6)

0.015

0.2

(−0.1, 0.5)

0.126

−0.4

(−1.0, 0.1)

0.130

 Cognitive performance

−0.6

(−12.3, 11.1)

0.916

0.7

(−1.4, 2.9)

0.501

0.8

(−3.4, 5.0)

0.714

Behavioral variables

  

 Sleep duration

−5.3

(−24.6, 13.9)

0.585

−1.1

(−4.6, 2.4)

0.614

−1.7

(−8.2, 4.8)

0.599

 Play frequency

−10.3

(−50.2, 29.5)

0.609

−1.7

(−8.6, 5.2)

0.911

5.0

(−11.2, 21.3)

0.540

Social and cultural variables

  

 Parental sedentary behavior

−0.1

(−3.8, 3.7)

0.976

0.1

(−0.6, 0.8)

0.791

0.2

(−1.1, 1.5)

0.800

 Parental sports club membership

10.2

(−14.1, 34.4)

0.410

0.4

(−4.0, 4.8)

0.854

−4.5

(−13.0, 4.1)

0.307

 Parental physical activity

−8.7

(−31.9, 14.5)

0.459

−1.3

(−5.6, 3.0)

0.547

−0.7

(−9.2, 7.7)

0.866

 Parental Involvement in child PA

8.0

(−14.1, 30.1)

0.477

1.3

(−2.8, 5.4)

0.535

−2.7

(−10.6, 5.2)

0.496

 Transport to childcare

6.2

(−15.6, 28.0)

0.576

2.0

(−2.0, 6.1)

0.326

−4.7

(−12.4, 3.0)

0.233

 Parental tobacco use

−5.1

(−32.1, 21.9)

0.710

−0.3

(−5.3, 4.7)

0.897

3.3

(−6.1, 12.8)

0.487

 Parental alcohol consumption

7.3

(−40.9, 55.4)

0.765

2.6

(−6.6, 11.8)

0.580

−8.0

(−26.9, 10.9)

0.402

Environmental variables

  

 Time outdoors

4.6

(−2.6, 11.8)

0.205

0.2

(−1.1, 1.5)

0.807

−1.4

(−3.9, 1.0)

0.247

 Fixed toys

3.8

(−3.7, 11.3)

0.318

0.1

(−1.3, 1.5)

0.907

−0.5

(−3.2, 2.2)

0.713

 Portable toys

4.8

(−3.5, 13.2)

0.253

0.7

(−0.7, 2.2)

0.339

−2.6

(−5.4, 0.2)

0.067

 Days at childcare

1.8

(−9.6, 13.2)

0.751

−0.1

(−2.1, 1.9)

0.924

0.7

(−3.3, 4.8)

0.726

 Living area per person

0.6

(−0.8, 2.0)

0.415

0.1

(−0.2, 0.4)

0.432

0.0

(−0.5, 0.5)

0.911

 Neighborhood safety

−0.9

(−2.8, 0.9)

0.330

−0.1

(−0.5, 0.2)

0.481

0.1

(−0.5, 0.8)

0.730

 Dog

0.5

(−42.5, 43.6)

0.980

−0.8

(−8.7, 7.2)

0.853

−1.3

(−16.4, 13.8)

0.864

 Season

4.1

(−22.2, 30.5)

0.758

4.1

(−0.9, 9.0)

0.106

9.1

(−0.8, 18.9)

0.071

 Region

1.7

(−23.4, 26.8)

0.892

0.5

(−4.3, 5.2)

0.852

−1.3

(−10.4, 7.8)

0.782

  1. PA physical activity, β β-coefficient, CI confidence interval
  2. aMultivariable linear mixed models including a random intercept for each subject and for each childcare center (n = 498)
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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