Table 1 Sample Descriptives based upon ECI tertiles and DINE scores (low, medium and high)
| Â | Overall Sample Mean (SD)/n (%) | ECIa | DINE Fat (saturated) | DINE Fibre | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | T1 | T2 | T3 | P trend | Low | Medium | High | P trend | Low | Medium | High | P trend |
| Â | Â | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Â | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Â | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Â |
Age (N = 1049) | 39.7 (11.8) | 36.7 (11.7) | 40.3 (11.8) | 41.7 (11.6) | *** | 39.1 (12.0) | 40.5 (11.8) | 39.7 (11.7) | * | 37.0 (11.7) | 41.4 (11.8) | 40.7 (11.5) | *** |
 20–39 years (n = 545) | 29.9 (5.7) | 184 (33.8 %) | 210 (38.5 %) | 151 (27.7 %) | *** | 221 (40.6 %) | 144 (26.4 %) | 180 (33.0 %) | * | 222 (40.7 %) | 179 (32.8 %) | 144 (26.4 %) | *** |
 40–60 years (n = 504) | 50.3 (6.4) | 110 (21.8 %) | 209 (41.5 %) | 185 (36.7 %) | *** | 165 (32.7 %) | 170 (33.7 %) | 169 (33.5 %) | * | 132 (26.2 %) | 214 (42.5 %) | 158 (31.3 %) | *** |
Gender | |||||||||||||
 Males | 459 (43.8 %) | 167 (36.4 %) | 175 (38.1 %) | 117 (25.5 %) | *** | 125 (27.2 %) | 137 (29.8 %) | 197 (42.9 %) | *** | 161 (35.1 %) | 168 (36.6 %) | 130 (28.3 %) | NS |
 Females | 590 (56.2 %) | 127 (21.5 %) | 244 (41.4 %) | 219 (37.1 %) | *** | 261 (44.2 %) | 177 (30.0 %) | 152 (25.8 %) | *** | 193 (32.7 %) | 225 (38.1 %) | 172 (29.2 %) | NS |
Education | |||||||||||||
 No qualifications or compulsory level (n = 135) | 135 (12.9 %) | 51 (37.8 %) | 52 (38.5 %) | 32 (23.7 %) | *** | 51 (37.8 %) | 33 (24.4 %) | 51 (37.8 %) | ** | 57 (42.2 %) | 48 (35.6 %) | 30 (22.2 %) | NS |
 Secondary/further education (e.g., NVQ) (n = 656) | 656 (62.5 %) | 184 (28.0 %) | 276 (42.1 %) | 196 (29.9 %) | *** | 214 (32.6 %) | 211 (32.2 %) | 231 (35.2 %) | ** | 223 (34.0 %) | 238 (36.3 %) | 195 (29.7 %) | NS |
 University or higher (UG or PG degree) (n = 258) | 258 (24.6 %) | 59 (22.9 %) | 91 (35.3 %) | 108 (41.9 %) | *** | 121 (46.9 %) | 70 (27.1 %) | 67 (26.0 %) | ** | 74 (28.7 %) | 107 (41.5 %) | 77 (29.8 %) | NS |
Socio-economic grouping | |||||||||||||
 ABC1 (n = 511) | 511 (48.7 %) | 125 (24.5 %) | 188 (36.8 %) | 198 (38.7 %) | *** | 199 (38.9 %) | 168 (32.9 %) | 144 (28.2 %) | ** | 161 (31.5 %) | 188 (36.8 %) | 162 (31.7 %) | NS |
 C2DE (n = 538) | 538 (51.3 %) | 169 (31.4 %) | 231 (42.9 %) | 138 (25.7 %) | *** | 187 (34.8 %) | 146 (27.1 %) | 205 (38.1 %) | ** | 193 (35.9 %) | 205 (38.1 %) | 140 (26.0 %) | NS |
BMI (n = 760) | 24.4 (4.2) | 24.5 (4.2) | 24.5 (4.3) | 24.3 (4.1) | NS | 24.2 (3.9) | 24.8 (4.4) | 24.4 (4.3) | NS | 24.5 (4.0) | 24.4 (4.3) | 24.4 (4.3) | NS |
Nutrition knowledge (n = 1049) | 7.2 (2.2) | 6.5 (2.4) | 7.5 (2.0) | 7.5 (2.2) | *** | 7.7 (2.0) | 7.6 (2.1) | 6.4 (2.3) | *** | 7.0 (2.4) | 7.2 (2.0) | 7.4 (2.2) | NS |
Food and health consciousness (n = 1049) | 3.8 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.8) | 4.1 (0.7) | *** | 3.9 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.9) | *** | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.8 (0.8) | 4.0 (0.8) | *** |
Cooking identity (n = 1049) | 24.5 (5.4) | 21.7 (6.0) | 24.9 (4.9) | 26.3 (4.4) | *** | 24.7 (5.3) | 24.8 (5.4) | 23.9 (5.5) | * | 23.3 (6.1) | 24.7 (5.3) | 25.5 (4.3) | *** |
Food neophilia (n = 1048) | 10.5 (2.7) | 9.5 (2.7) | 10.6 (2.5) | 11.2 (2.5) | *** | 10.7 (2.6) | 10.8 (2.7) | 9.9 (2.6) | *** | 10.3 (2.9) | 10.4 (2.6) | 10.7 (2.3) | NS |
Meal prep. frequency (n = 1049) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.2) | *** | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.2) | NS | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.1) | ** |
Cooking skills ability (n = 1049) | 47.8 (29.3) | 37.1 (29.0) | 50.0 (28.9) | 54.5 (27.7) | *** | 53.0 (27.9) | 52.7 (31.4) | 37.6 (26.1) | *** | 46.6 (33.6) | 48.4 (27.0) | 48.4 (26.8) | NS |
Food skills ability (n = 1049) | 45.8 (38.6) | 34.4 (36.1) | 47.7 (39.4) | 53.5 (37.7) | *** | 47.0 (36.1) | 55.3 (44.3) | 36.0 (33.3) | *** | 46.5 (45.2) | 44.5 (35.4) | 46.7 (34.3) | NS |
ECI score (n = 1049) | 12.2 (2.9) | 8.8 (1.4) | 11.8 (0.8) | 15.7 (1.5) | *** | 13.1 (3.0) | 12.1 (2.7) | 11.4 (2.8) | *** | 10.8 (2.8) | 12.6 (2.7) | 13/4 (2.7) | *** |
DINE Fat (n = 1049) | 35.5 (13.0) | 38.8 (13.3) | 35.6 (12.0) | 32.6 (13.4) | *** | 22.8 (5.0) | 34.8 (3.0) | 50.2 (9.0) | NS | 34.1 (12.7) | 35.2 (12.5) | 37.6 (13.8) | NS |
DINE Fibre (n = 1049) | 34.6 (11.3) | 29.3 (10.8) | 34.4 (10.1) | 39.5 (10.9) | *** | 33.1 (10.4) | 35.2 (12.2) | 35.8 (11.1) | NS | 22.9 (5.1) | 34.8 (3.1) | 48.1 (7.2) | NS |