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Table 3 Associations between size of breakfast and mean (SE) 24-hr nutritional intake, prior to the introduction of the breakfast programme

From: A cross-sectional observational study of the nutritional intake of UK primary school children from deprived and non-deprived backgrounds: implications for school breakfast schemes

Nutrient

Size of breakfast

Significance df = 4,604

0 Kj

1–419 Kj

420–837 Kj

838–1256 Kj

>1256 Kj

Energy (Mj)

5.84 (0.55)

6.09 (0.18)

7.60 (0.14)

9.69 (0.28)

11.58 (0.81)

F = 50.7 p < 0.001

Protein (g)

49 (4.7)

47 (19.1)

59 (1.3)

72 (2.7)

91 (8.4)

F = 32.6 p < 0.001

Fat (g)

53 (4.7)

58 (2.2)

70 (1.6)

87 (3.0)

111 (10.5)

F = 29.7 p < 0.001

Carbohydrate (g)

180 (15.2)

197 (5.6)

252 (4.6)

327 (11.0)

369 (24.3)

F = 53.5 p < 0.001

Fibre (g)

7.7 (0.6)

9.1 (0.3)

10.8 (0.3)

14.7 (0.7)

18.3 (1.7)

F = 35.2 p < 0.001

Calcium (mg)

508 (79)

586 (22)

852 (24)

1031 (44)

1640 (189)

F = 47.7 p < 0.001

Phosphorus (mg)

836 (75)

833 (25)

1093 (23)

1403 (48)

1706 (126)

F = 51.2 p < 0.001

Magnesium (mg)

150 (13.2)

159 (4.5)

201 (3.9)

265 (9.4)

325 (22.7)

F = 57.4 p < 0.001

Sodium (mg)

2040 (215)

2055 (72)

2469 (60)

3061 (134)

3523 (348)

F = 20.1 p < 0.001

Potassium (mg)

1798 (161)

1798 (58)

2195 (49)

2846 (116)

2921 (249)

F = 25.5 p < 0.001

Chloride (mg)

2824 (325)

3031 (108)

3629 (88)

4540 (199)

4990 (491)

F = 19.1 p < 0.001

Iron (mg)

6.1 (0.7)

6.5 (0.2)

9.0 (0.2)

11.1 (0.5)

16.9 (1.9)

F = 54.4 p < 0.001

Zinc (mg)

5.4 (0.6)

5.2 (0.2)

6.5 (0.2)

8.2 (0.4)

10.5 (0.8)

F = 29.2 p < 0.001

Copper (mg)

0.7 (0.05)

0.7 (0.04)

0.9 (0.03)

1.1 (0.07)

1.4 (0.13)

F = 11.8 p < 0.001

Selenium (μg)

24 (3.3)

24 (1.4)

28 (1.0)

36 (2.7)

45 (4.9)

F = 12.3 p < 0.001

Iodine (μg)

86 (13)

89 (4)

137 (5)

153 (9)

163 (16)

F = 18.6 p < 0.001

Vitamin B1 (mg)

1.1 (0.13)

1.1 (0.04)

1.5 (0.04)

1.8 (0.07)

2.2 (0.20)

F = 24.1 p < 0.001

Vitamin B2 (mg)

0.9 (0.16)

1.0 (0.03)

1.6 (0.04)

1.9 (0.08)

2.4 (0.23)

F = 42.4 p < 0.001

Niacin (mg)

20 (2.2)

20 (0.7)

26 (0.06)

33 (1.3)

40 (3.1)

F = 36.7 p < 0.001

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.4 (0.15)

1.4 (0.05)

1.9 (0.05)

2.3 (0.10)

2.9 (0.28)

F = 31.6 p < 0.001

Vitamin B12 (μg)

2.5 (0.37)

2.4 (0.13)

3.3 (0.12)

4.0 (0.26)

4.9 (0.51)

F = 16.3 p < 0.001

Folate (μg)

137 (20)

144 (5)

197 (5)

246 (12)

305 (29)

F = 34.1 p < 0.001

Vitamin C (mg)

87 (17)

84 (5)

104 (4)

135 (10)

122 (11)

F = 7.7 p < 0.001

Vitamin A (μg)

357 (67)

430 (28)

514 (24)

687 (58)

768 (159)

F = 7.5 p < 0.001

Vitamin D (μg)

1.5 (0.25)

1.5 (0.11)

2.0 (0.11)

2.6 (0.25)

3.3 (0.53)

F = 8.7 p < 0.001

Vitamin E (mg)

4.7 (0.56)

5.3 (0.56)

6.2 (0.21)

8.5 (0.53)

8.8 (0.80)

F = 14.1 p < 0.001

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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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