Longitudinal effects of parental, child and neighborhood factors on moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in Latino children

Table 3 Longitudinal regression models of parent, child and neighborhood factors on body mass index (BMI), moderate-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) and sedentary time (%SED)

	BMI b, p-value	%MVPA b, p-value	%SED b, p-value
Time of assessment
FU1 v Baseline	0.89, p = 0.0001^a	•	2.49, p = 0.0001^d
FU2 v Baseline	1.63, p = 0.0001^a	•	5.05, p = 0.0001^d
Baseline explanatory variables
Child gender
boy vs. girl	0.79, p = 0.11	5.45, p = 0.0001^†	-1.19, p = 0.08^§
Respondent age
Child	0.94, p = 0.002	-0.40, p = 0.03	2.48, p = 0.0001
Maternal	•	•	•
Paternal	•	-0.05, p = 0.02	0.06, p = 0.33^¥
Education level
Maternal	•	-0.10, p = 0.04	•
Paternal	•	•	•
Spanish-language acculturation
Maternal	0.45, p = 0.04	•	-0.72, p = 0.14
Paternal	•	-0.125, p = 0.17	1.61, p = 0.01
Household characteristic
Income	•	•	•
Size	-0.06, p = 0.07	•	-0.53, p = 0.005
Neighborhood characteristic
Disorder	•	•	-1.03, p = 0.10
Victimization	•	•	•
Time-varying explanatory variables
Child BMI
BMI_tv	n/a	-0.13^‡, p = .0002	•
BMI_base	n/a	•	•
BMI_Δ	n/a	•	•
Pubertal status (PS)
PS_tv	n/e	-0.83, p = 0.06	•
PS_base	4.42, p = 0.0001	•	•
PS_Δ	•	•	•
Maternal BMI
BMI_tv	n/e	n/e	n/e
BMI_base	0.21, p = 0.0001^b	•	•
BMI_Δ	0.05, p = 0.09^b	-0.18, p = 0.004	0.51, p = 0.003
Paternal BMI
BMI_tv	0.11, p = 0.03	•	n/e
BMI_base	•	•	0.15, p = 0.14^e
BMI_Δ	•	•	-0.74, p = 0.07^e
Interactions
Gender-by-child BMI	•		•
BMI_tvamong boys		-0.22, p = 0.0002^c
BMI_tvamong girls		-0.05, p = 0.19^c
Gender-by paternal age	•	•
Paternal age among boys			-0.14, p = 0.10^f
Paternal age among girls			0.26, p = 0.001^f

Abbreviations:BMIbody mass index,FU1Follow-up 1-year,%MVPAmoderate-vigorous physical activity,%SEDsedentary time,FU2Follow-up 2-years.
Statistical notation: interaction effects not tabled were removed via backward elimination; n/a: not included as an explanatory variable for the child BMI outcome; n/e: time-varying explanatory variable was never entered into the model because the corresponding between-person (_base) and within-person (_Δ) effects significantly differed; •: effect removed via backward elimination.
^aomnibus 2 df p-value = 0.0001;^bp-value for difference between effect estimates = 0.0034.
^cchild gender-by-BMI interaction p-value = 0.02;^domnibus 2 df p-value = 0.0001;^ep-value for difference between effect estimates = 0.04;^fchild gender-by-paternal age interaction p-value = 0.0005.
^†effect of child gender at the average child BMI value;^‡effect of time-varying child BMI averaged across boys and girls;^§effect of child gender at the average paternal age;^¥effect of paternal age averaged across boys and girls.

ISSN: 1479-5868