Associations with never cycling to/from school | Associations with always cycling to/from school | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Independent models N = 850 | Fully adjusted model N = 850 | Independent models N = 850 | Fully adjusted model N = 850 | |
Variables | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Family factors | ||||
SES (ref. low SES) | 1.0 (0.93-1.08) | NI | 1.01 (0.96-1.07) | NI |
Number of children in household (ref. no siblings) | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | NI | 1.09 (1.02-1.17)* | 1.05 (0.95-1.15) |
Family structure (ref. dual) | 1.15 (1.05-1.25)** | 1.11 (1.02-1.2)* | 0.93 (0.87-0.98)* | 0.92 (0.86-0.98)** |
Personal factors | ||||
Independent mobility with the bicycle (ref. low) | 0.74 (0.68-0.79)*** | 0.84 (0.78-0.91)*** | 1.15 (1.09-1.22)*** | 1.06 (1.0-1.13)* |
Parental perceived motor competence of the child (ref. low) | 0.95 (0.88-1.03) | NI | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | NI |
Parental perceived biking skills of the child (ref. not good) | 0.69 (1.63-0.76)*** | 0.77 (0.7-0.84)*** | 1.15 (1.07-1.23)*** | 1.08 (1.01-1.16)* |
Behavioral factors (ref. low) | ||||
Sports participation | 0.95 (0.88-1.02) | NI | 1.0 (0.95-1.05) | NI |
TV-watching | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | NI | 1.08 (1.03-1.14)** | 1.09 (1.04-1.15)*** |
PC-using | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | NI | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | NI |
Reading | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) | NI | 1.0 (0.95-1.05) | NI |
Attitudinal factors (ref. not important) | ||||
Attitude towards physical activity | 0.94 (0.78-1.15) | NI | 1.06 (0.92-1.22) | NI |
Attitude towards cycling to school | 0.78 (0.72-0.84)*** | 0.89 (0.81-0.97)** | 1.13 (1.07-0.20)*** | 1.03 (0.97-1.1) |
Attitude towards cycling to work | 0.92 (0.85-0.99)** | 1.04 (0.96-1.11) | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | NI |
Attitude towards cycling training | 1.06 (0.96-1.18) | NI | 1.02 (0.95-1.09) | NI |
Risk factor (ref. low) | 1.12 (1.05-1.2)*** | 1.03 (0.96-1.1) | 0.92 (0.88-0.97)** | 0.96 (0.92-1.02) |
Social environmental factors (ref. disagree) | ||||
As parents we walk/bike along with our child to school | 0.92 (0.86-0.99)* | 0.95 (0.89-1.03) | 0.93 (0.88-0.97)** | 0.91 (0.87-0.96)*** |
Siblings often active commute to school | 0.83 (0.77-0.89)*** | 0.99 (0.9-1.08) | 1.14 (1.08-1.2)*** | 1.04 (0.97-1.11) |
Friends often active commute to school | 0.89 (0.83-0.96)** | 1.0 (0.93-1.08) | 1.05 (0.99-1.1) | NI |
As parents, we encourage our child to actively commute to school | 0.68 (0.63-0.73)*** | 0.78 (0.7-0.87)*** | 1.2 (1.13-1.26)*** | 1.0 (0.92-1.08) |
Siblings encourage my child to actively commute to school | 0.8 (0.75-0.86)*** | 1.0 (0.92-1.09) | 1.19 (1.14-1.26)*** | 1.04 (0.98-1.11) |
Friends encourage my child to actively commute to school | 0.81 (0.75-0.88)*** | 0.9 (0.83-1.0)* | 1.18 (1.12-1.24)*** | 1.08 (1.01-1.15)* |
In my neighborhood many children active commute to school | 0.9 (0.85-0.98)** | 1.04 (0.96-1.12) | 1.1 (1.05-1.16)*** | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) |
In my neighborhood many parents active commute to work | 0.9 (0.83-1.0) | NI | 0.97 (0.92-1.02) | NI |
In my neighborhood many parents walk/bike along with their child to school | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | NI | 0.97 (0.92-1.02) | NI |
Many peers of my child live in my neighborhood | 0.93 (0.87-1.0) | NI | 1.03 (0.98-1.08) | NI |
People around here are willing to help their neighbors | 0.95 (0.88-1.02) | NI | 0.99 (0.94-1.04) | NI |
This is a close knit neighborhood | 1.0 (0.94-1.08) | NI | 0.99 (0.94-1.05) | NI |
My child often plays in the street with other kids in my area | 0.9 (0.84-0.97)** | 0.94 (0.88-1.02) | 1.05 (1.0-1.10) | NI |
Cognitive factor (ref. low) | ||||
Habit of cycling to school | 0.81 (0.76-0.88)*** | 1.02 (0.93-1.11) | 1.25 (1.19-1.31)*** | 1.18 (1.11-1.25)*** |
-Cycling to school is something my child does automatically | ||||
-Cycling to school is something that belongs to my child’s daily routine | ||||
-Cycling to school is something that my child typifies | ||||
-Cycling to school is something my child has been doing for a long time | ||||
Perceived behavior control for cycling to school | 0.82 (0.74-0.92)*** | 0.84 (0.75-0.93)** | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | NI |
-My child is able to bicycle to school on a regular base | ||||
-It’s up to my child to decide if he/she bicycle to school | ||||
-It’s up to the parents to decide if their child bicycles to school | ||||
Physical environmental factors | ||||
Residential density (ref. low) | 1.09 (1.01-1.16)* | 1.02 (0.94-1.09) | 1.0 (0.94-1.05) | NI |
Walking and cycling facilities (ref. not good) | 0.93 (0.83-1.05) | NI | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | NI |
Connectivity (ref. low) | 0.98 (0.9-1.05) | NI | 0.98 (0.93-1.04) | NI |
Esthetics (ref. not good) | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) | NI | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | NI |
Traffic safety (ref. not safe) | 0.88 (0.77-1.0)* | 0.98 (0.85-1.14) | 1.19 (1.08-1.31)*** | 1.18 (1.07-1.31)*** |
Crime safety (ref. not safe) | 0.97 (0.9-1.04) | NI | 1.0 (0.95-1.05) | NI |
Route factors to school (ref. no) | ||||
Route along quiet roads | 0.9 (0.83-0.97)** | 1.09 (0.93-1.25) | 1.07 (1.01-1.13)* | 0.98 (0.89-1.09) |
Route along busy roads | 1.14 (1.05-1.23)*** | 1.08 (0.92-1.25) | 0.94 (0.88-0.99)* | 1.0 (0.9-1.12) |
Route along roads with walking and cycling facilities | 1.19 (1.11-1.27)*** | 1.18 (1.1-1.27)*** | 0.93 (0.88-0.98)** | 0.92 (0.88-0.97)** |
Route along roads with streetlights | 0.96 (0.86-1.08) | NI | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | NI |
Route along (a) road(s) with a steep incline | 1.05 (0.9-1.22) | NI | 0.95 (0.86-1.06) | NI |
Route along a busy intersection | 1.05 (0.97-1.14) | NI | 0.96 (0.91-1.02) | NI |
Route along the center of town | 1.05 (0.97-1.14) | NI | 0.97 (0.91-1.03) | NI |
Route along the countryside | 1.14 (0.81-0.97)** | 0.95 (0.86-1.04) | 0.99 (0.92-1.06) | NI |