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Table 1 Participants described and compared by eating competence categories

From: Validation of a measure of the Satter eating competence model with low-income females

  

Eating Competence Categories

 
 

Total Sample1

Not Eating Competent2

Eating Competent2

p-Value3

 

N = 507

N = 359

N = 148

 

Age

31.81 ± 6.98

31.84 ± 6.96

31.76 ± 7.06

.905

Race (n = 499)

   

.588

   White

389 (78.0)

279 (79.0)

110 (75.3)

 

   Black

73 (14.6)

48 (13.6)

25 (17.1)

 

   Other

37 (7.4)

26 (7.4)

11 (7.5)

 

Hispanic (n = 506)

31 (6.1)

18 (5.0)

13 (8.8)

.109

Education

   

.006

   Some high school

56 (11.0)

39 (10.9)

17 (11.5)

 

   High school diploma/GED

179 (35.3)

118 (32.9)

61 (41.2)

 

   Some college

129 (25.4)

107 (29.8)

22 (14.9)

 

   ≥ College degree

143(28.2)

95 (26.5)

48 (32.4)

 

Parent

490 (96.6)

347 (96.7)

143 (96.6)

.984

Food Security Status4 (n = 500)

   

.009

   High

113 (22.6)

70 (19.8)

43 (29.5)

 

   Marginal

83 (16.6)

53 (15.0)

30 (20.5)

 

   Low

103 (20.6)

74 (20.9)

29 (19.9)

 

   Very Low

201 (40.2)

157 (44.4)

44 (30.1)

 

Physically Active5 (n = 506)

256 (50.6)

159 (44.4)

97 (65.5)

<.001

BMI (kg/m2) (n = 500)

30.41 ± 8.36

31.22 ± 8.44

28.44 ± 7.86

.001

Weight Categories (n = 500)

   

.025

   Underweight (BMI < 18.5)

17 (3.4)

12 (3.4)

5 (3.4)

 

   Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9)

137 (27.4)

84 (23.7)

53 (36.3)

 

   Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9)

118 (23.6)

84 (23.7)

34 (23.3)

 

   Obese (BMI ≥ 30.0)

228 (45.6)

174 (49.2)

54 (37.0)

 

Weight dissatisfaction6 (n = 506)

3.75 ± 1.23

3.94 ± 1.13

3.28 ± 1.33

<.001

ecSI/LI

    

   Total score

26.29 ± 9.70

21.36 ± 6.41

38.26 ± 4.53

<.001

   Eating attitudes

9.52 ± 3.71

7.87 ± 2.99

13.53 ± 1.66

<.001

   Internal regulation

5.45 ± 2.35

4.48 ± 1.96

7.80 ± 1.37

<.001

   Food acceptance

3.93 ± 2.14

3.31 ± 1.84

5.44 ± 2.08

<.001

   Contextual skills

7.39 ± 3.80

5.70 ± 2.81

11.49 ± 2.57

<.001

TFEQ

    

   Cognitive restraint

10.52 ± 2.12

10.45 ± 2.04

10.68 ± 2.30

.289

   Disinhibition

7.74 ± 2.76

8.11 ± 2.73

6.83 ± 2.61

<.001

   Feelings of hunger

6.69 ± 2.61

6.90 ± 2.68

6.16 ± 2.38

.004

EDI-3 7

    

   Drive for thinness

13.19 ± 15.44

14.53 ± 15.87

9.93 ± 13.85

.002

   Bulimia

26.03 ± 26.30

28.79 ± 26.57

19.33 ± 24.44

<.001

   Body dissatisfaction

29.51 ± 25.08

32.89 ± 25.16

21.32 ± 22.98

<.001

   Low self-esteem

21.13 ± 21.53

24.18 ± 21.99

13.75 ± 18.47

<.001

   Personal alienation

23.88 ± 24.30

27.63 ± 25.34

14.80 ± 18.76

<.001

   Interpersonal insecurity

32.37 ± 25.68

35.70 ± 25.48

24.31 ± 24.40

<.001

   Interpersonal alienation

34.80 ± 27.04

38.94 ± 26.69

24.76 ± 25.26

<.001

   Interoceptive deficits

17.30 ± 20.02

19.18 ± 20.58

12.76 ± 17.87

.001

   Emotional dysregulation

31.13 ± 29.22

33.28 ± 28.84

25.94 ± 29.57

.010

   Perfectionism

22.27 ± 22.09

21.60 ± 21.09

23.89 ± 24.35

.290

   Asceticism

16.81 ± 20.51

17.62 ± 21.00

14.85 ± 19.20

.168

   Maturity fears

46.17 ± 27.31

49.28 ± 27.24

38.62 ± 26.05

<.001

Food Preference

    

   Food like index8

7.85 ± 0.60

7.75 ± 0.59

8.10 ± 0.56

<.001

   Food dislike index9

2.78 ± 0.83

2.76 ± 0.80

2.83 ± 0.90

.461

   Foods never tried

1.88 ± 2.89

1.84 ± 2.87

2.00 ± 2.95

.561

Fruit Stage of Change 10

    

   Action/Maintenance

209 (41.2)

130 (36.2)

79 (53.4)

<.001

Vegetable Stage of change 10

    

   Action/Maintenance

62 (12.2)

33 (9.2)

29 (19.6)

.001

EFNEP 11

    

• Health locus of control

12.13 ± 2.05

12.01 ± 2.09

12.45 ± 1.93

.028

• Plans meals ahead of time

3.22 ± 1.06

3.04 ± 1.03

3.64 ± 1.00

<.001

• Plans meals to include all food groups

3.36 ± 1.00

3.21 ± 0.98

3.74 ± 0.95

<.001

• Makes a recipe successfully from scratch

3.53 ± 1.17

3.36 ± 1.18

3.95 ± 1.06

<.001

• Thinks about healthy food choices when deciding what to eat

3.43 ± 1.01

3.30 ± 0.99

3.74 ± 0.99

<.001

• Uses the "Nutrition Facts" on the food label to make food choices

2.70 ± 1.19

2.61 ± 1.14

2.93 ± 1.29

.006

• Eats out (including fast food)

2.56 ± 0.77

2.58 ± 0.79

2.52 ± 0.73

.412

• Shops with a grocery list

3.58 ± 1.19

3.48 ± 1.15

3.80 ± 1.25

.007

• Feels confident about managing money to make healthy food available

2.97 ± 1.18

2.87 ± 1.15

3.21 ± 1.21

.003

Prepares food at home > 3 times per week12

403 (79.5)

273 (76.0)

130 (87.8)

.003

Likes cooking13 (n = 503)

227 (45.1)

142 (39.9)

85 (57.8)

<.001

  1. Notes: Values are mean ± standard deviation or n (%); BMI = Body Mass Index; ecSI/LI = ecSatter Inventory for Low-Income; EDI-3 = Eating Disorders Inventory-3; EFNEP = Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program; TFEQ = Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire; all measures are self-reported.
  2. 1N = 507 except where noted.
  3. 2Not eating competent = ecSILI < 32; eating competent = ecSILI ≥ 32.
  4. 3P-value for chi-square or t-test comparing eating competence categories.
  5. 4Reported for household.
  6. 5Survey item, "Do you consider yourself a physically active person? Response options - yes or no.
  7. 6Survey item, "How satisfied are you with your current weight?" 5-point response scale ranging from 1 = very satisfied to 5 = very unsatisfied.
  8. 7EDI-3 entries are normed percentiles.
  9. 8Food like index = Preference score of foods liked (denoted by preference selection of 5 to 9) divided by number of foods like. Possible range 5 though 9; higher score denotes greater preference.
  10. 9Food dislike index = preference score of foods disliked divided by number of foods disliked. Possible range 1 through 4; higher score denotes greater dislike.
  11. 10Computed scores collapsed to two categories - pre-action (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation) vs. action/maintenance.
  12. 11For locus of control, range: 5 = external locus of control, 15 = internal locus of control. For all other EFNEP items, range: 1 = does not do, 5 = almost always does.
  13. 12Compared to preparing food at home ≤ 3 times per week.
  14. 13Survey item, "How do you feel about cooking?" Response options - Likes cooking compared to Doesn't Like/Doesn't Mind Cooking.
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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