Table 3 Ratings of environments by the expert panel and commuting participants at test and retest
From: The active commuting route environment scale (ACRES): development and evaluation
| Â | Expert panel (n = 22-24) | Commuting participants (n = 43-44) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Test | Retest | ||||
Item | Inner urban mean ± SD | Suburban mean ± SD | t-test p-value | Inner urban mean ± SD | Suburban mean ± SD | t-test p-value | Inner urban mean ± SD | Suburban mean ± SD | t-test p-value |
1. On the whole | 8.21 ± 2.28 | 9.13 ± 2.33 | 0.219 | 9.43 ± 3.42 | 10.98 ± 2.80 | 0.001 | 8.86 ± 3.15 | 10.63 ± 2.68 | 0.000 |
2. Hinders or stimulates | 7.79 ± 3.06 | 8.96 ± 2.49 | 0.071 | 9.98 ± 3.29 | 11.23 ± 2.57 | 0.004 | 9.18 ± 3.04 | 10.27 ± 2.86 | 0.004 |
3. Exhaust fumes | 10.04 ± 2.60 | 7.50 ± 2.83 | 0.000 | 9.98 ± 2.80 | 7.91 ± 3.58 | 0.000 | 9.77 ± 3.09 | 7.32 ± 3.63 | 0.000 |
4. Noise | 11.50 ± 2.18 | 9.45 ± 2.28 | 0.001 | 9.98 ± 2.77 | 8.50 ± 3.35 | 0.006 | 9.91 ± 2.44 | 8.52 ± 3.62 | 0.010 |
5. Flow of motor vehicles | 12.09 ± 2.27 | 9.30 ± 3.02 | 0.000 | 12.27 ± 2.64 | 9.98 ± 3.73 | 0.000 | 11.41 ± 2.30 | 8.91 ± 3.84 | 0.000 |
6. Speeds of motor vehicles | 9.00 ± 2.73 | 10.52 ± 2.41 | 0.006 | 8.95 ± 2.80 | 9.41 ± 2.68 | 0.098 | 9.25 ± 2.60 | 9.23 ± 2.81 | 0.964 |
7. Speeds of bicyclists | 9.38 ± 2.99 | 10.62 ± 2.20 | 0.058 | 8.73 ± 2.73 | 9.11 ± 2.46 | 0.202 | 8.91 ± 2.68 | 8.98 ± 2.42 | 0.831 |
8. Congestion: all types of vehicles | 11.92 ± 2.62 | 7.92 ± 2.45 | 0.000 | 10.61 ± 3.23 | 6.57 ± 2.92 | 0.000 | 10.30 ± 2.79 | 6.41 ± 3.14 | 0.000 |
9. Congestion: bicyclists | 12.58 ± 2.06 | 7.33 ± 2.68 | 0.000 | 9.70 ± 3.59 | 5.41 ± 3.21 | 0.000 | 9.02 ± 3.69 | 5.75 ± 3.44 | 0.000 |
10. Conflicts | 12.12 ± 1.92 | 8.58 ± 2.34 | 0.000 | 9.20 ± 3.98 | 4.98 ± 3.32 | 0.000 | 8.37 ± 3.77 | 5.74 ± 3.53 | 0.000 |
11. Bicycle paths* | 6.42 ± 1.50 | 6.79 ± 1.18 | 0.372 | 6.93 ± 1.94 | 7.79 ± 2.35 | 0.058 | 6.84 ± 2.17 | 7.45 ± 2.50 | 0.222 |
12. Traffic: unsafe or safe | 6.39 ± 2.46 | 9.43 ± 1.83 | 0.000 | 8.82 ± 3.42 | 12.00 ± 2.29 | 0.000 | 8.82 ± 3.37 | 11.41 ± 2.54 | 0.000 |
13. Greenery | 5.58 ± 2.52 | 9.83 ± 2.18 | 0.000 | 7.48 ± 3.77 | 10.86 ± 2.81 | 0.000 | 7.57 ± 3.62 | 10.18 ± 2.81 | 0.000 |
14. Ugly or beautiful | 10.58 ± 2.81 | 7.79 ± 2.70 | 0.002 | 11.20 ± 2.81 | 10.16 ± 3.41 | 0.073 | 10.73 ± 2.65 | 9.77 ± 3.06 | 0.061 |
15. Course of the route | 10.50 ± 3.16 | 9.83 ± 3.04 | 0.409 | 7.50 ± 3.47 | 5.07 ± 3.55 | 0.000 | 7.11 ± 3.48 | 5.36 ± 2.98 | 0.002 |
16. Hilliness | 7.29 ± 2.69 | 9.00 ± 1.96 | 0.005 | 4.77 ± 3.44 | 6.39 ± 3.92 | 0.012 | 5.39 ± 3.53 | 6.52 ± 3.62 | 0.015 |
17. Red lights | 11.04 ± 3.37 | 8.54 ± 3.74 | 0.001 | 8.39 ± 3.86 | 4.48 ± 3.47 | 0.000 | 8.14 ± 3.83 | 5.16 ± 3.45 | 0.000 |
18. Short or long†| - | - | - | 6.73 ± 2.17 | 6.86 ± 2.74 | 0.777 | 7.32 ± 1.90 | 7.11 ± 2.32 | 0.604 |