Infant temperament contributes to early infant growth: A prospective cohort of African American infants

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of mothers and infants from 3–18 months of infant age

	Birth	3 months	6 months	9 months	12 months	18 months
Infants
Total n		206	157	153	132	109
Female		110 (53.4%)^a	83 (52.9%)	80 (52.3%)	73 (55.3%)	59 (54%)
Gestational age	39.48 ± 1.47^b
*Anthropometrics*
Birthweight	3.23 ± 0.48
Weight for length Z-score		0.56 ± 1.0	0.55 ± 1.1	0.54 ± 1.12	0.44 ± 1.08	0.34 ± 1.04
Sum of skinfolds^c		25.34 ± 4.69	25.53 ± 5.91	24.80 ± 6.33	23.09 ± 5.38	22.88 ± 4.19
*Temperament dimensions*
Distress to limitations		3.46 ± 0.74	3.66 ± 0.80	4.02 ± 0.77	n/a	n/a
Activity level		4.11 ± 0.82	4.71 ± 0.77	4.85 ± 0.73	5.50 ± 0.71	5.35 ± 0.77
*Infant Diet*
Daily calories, non-breastfed infants
Infant received any breast milk		44 (21.4%)	22 (14.0%)	15 (9.8%)	8 (6.1%)	3 (2.8%)
Infant exclusively breast-fed		13 (6.3%)	0	0	0	0
Mothers
Anthropometrics
BMI<25		63 (29%)
BMI 25–29.9		58 (26.7%)
BMI = >30		96 (44.2%)
Sociodemographics
Maternal education		58 (27.1%)
Less than high school		65 (30.4%)
High school graduate or GED		70 (32.7%)
Some college		21 (9.8%)

ISSN: 1479-5868