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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios (OR)a for no recreational walking, and prevalence rates for response categories of neighbourhood perceptions and individual cognitions by educational level.

From: Socioeconomic differences in lack of recreational walking among older adults: the role of neighbourhood and individual factors

    

Educational level

 

Independent factors

OR

95% CI

p

1

(low)

2

3

4

(high)

p

NEIGHBOURHOOD perceptions

        

Physical neighbourhood factors

        

Neighbourhood is unsafe

        

   disagree

1.00

 

.636

95.5b

95.9

98.2

98.9

.004

   agree

0.87

(0.49–1.55)

 

4.5

4.1

1.8

1.1

 

Neighbourhood is unattractive

        

   disagree

1.00

 

.008

72.5

84.3

88.6

86.0

.000

   agree

1.41

(1.09–1.82)

 

27.5

15.7

11.4

14.0

 

Insufficient places for physical activity

        

   disagree

1.00

 

.256

64.3

75.2

77.5

88.7

.000

   agree

1.14

(0.91–1.44)

 

35.7

24.8

22.5

11.3

 

Social neighbourhood factors

        

Social cohesion

        

   high

1.00

 

.000

38.1

36.3

41.3

40.9

.001

   medium

0.62

(0.50–0.78)

 

30.3

37.1

38.2

34.9

 

   low

0.82

(0.64–1.05)

 

31.6

26.6

20.5

24.3

 

Social network

        

   large

1.00

 

.000

34.4

37.4

37.6

29.4

.034

   medium

1.56

(1.23–1.98)

 

33.2

32.9

40.9

37.0

 

   small

1.59

(1.25–2.04)

 

32.4

29.7

21.5

33.6

 

Feeling at home in neighbourhood

        

   high

1.00

 

.120

32.4

35.3

36.4

42.3

.020

   moderate

0.80

(0.64–1.01)

 

33.2

38.0

36.6

31.1

 

   low

0.99

(0.78–1.26)

 

34.4

26.7

27.0

26.6

 

Social disorganisation

        

   low

1.00

 

.540

45.3

48.4

50.6

54.0

.000

   medium

0.96

(0.75–1.22)

 

18.6

24.3

23.5

24.5

 

   high

0.86

(0.67–1.12)

 

36.1

27.3

25.9

21.5

 

INDIVIDUAL cognitions

        

Attitude towards regular physical activity

        

   positive

1.00

 

.000

25.8

32.8

36.0

32.8

.002

   neutral

1.34

(1.07–1.67)

 

61.9

54.9

58.5

58.4

 

   negative

4.16

(2.96–5.84)

 

12.3

12.3

5.4

8.7

 

Social influences for regular physical activity

        

   positive

1.00

 

.000

54.9

50.1

49.6

53.2

.003

   neutral

1.62

(1.32–1.99)

 

30.3

40.3

43.9

38.3

 

   negative

1.76

(1.26–2.45)

 

14.8

9.6

6.5

8.5

 

Perceived behaviour control to be regularly active

        

   (very) sure

1.00

 

.000

59.2

67.0

70.7

74.2

.001

   not sure/unsure

1.65

(1.32–2.07)

 

31.0

25.7

20.5

19.0

 

   (very) unsure

2.10

(1.48–2.97)

 

9.8

7.3

8.8

6.8

 

Intention to be regularly active

        

   yes

1.00

 

.000

45.9

55.0

57.3

67.0

.000

   maybe

1.84

(1.49–2.27)

 

38.9

38.1

35.2

26.7

 

   no

4.41

(3.09–6.29)

 

15.2

6.9

7.5

6.4

 
  1. a Models were weighted, and adjusted for age, sex, and educational level.
  2. b This is the percentage of respondents in a certain response category per socioeconomic group; for example, 95.5% of those in the lowest group disagreed with the statement "My neighbourhood is unsafe".
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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