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Table 4 Likelihood of change in determinants in the first time lapse and change in F&V intake frequency in the same time lapse, and later in time estimated with multinomial multilevel analyses, separately for children of the Schoolgruiten Project and the Pro Children Study

From: Are positive changes in potential determinants associated with increased fruit and vegetable intakes among primary schoolchildren? Results of two intervention studies in the Netherlands: The Schoolgruiten Project and the Pro Children Study

Change in determinants of F&V intake in first time lapse

Stable high/increase in fruit intake frequency in first time lapse

Stable high/increase in vegetable intake frequency in first time lapse

Stable high/increase in fruit intake frequency in second time lapse

Stable high/increase in vegetable intake frequency in second time lapse

Schoolgruiten Project

            
  

N

OR

95% CI

N

OR

95% CI

N

OR

95% CI

N

OR

95% CI

Liking

Decreased (2)

-

-

-

43

1.00

-

-

-

-

43

1.00

-

 

Stable low (1) (decreased (1))

68

1.00

-

98

1.03

0.61 – 1.73

68

1.00

-

98

0.76

0.46 – 1.26

 

Stable high – increased (0)

220

2.89

1.64 – 5.09

111

4.14

2.44 – 7.02

220

1.93

1.10 – 3.40

111

1.30

0.79 – 2.14

Knowledge

Decreased/stable low (1)

91

1.00

-

176

1.00

-

91

1.00

-

176

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

172

1.64

0.97 – 2.79

76

1.59

0.88 – 2.87

172

0.88

0.52 – 1.50

76

1.43

0.79 – 2.58

Taking fruit with-out asking

Decreased/stable low (1)

57

1.00

-

-

-

-

57

1.00

-

-

-

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

225

1.18

0.63 – 2.18

-

-

-

225

1.21

0.65 – 2.24

-

-

-

Availability at home

Decreased/stable low (1)

55

1.00

-

-

-

-

55

1.00

-

-

-

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

230

2.97

1.61 – 5.46

-

-

-

230

1.51

0.82 – 2.78

-

-

-

Pro Children Study

            
  

N

OR

95% CI

N

OR

95% CI

N

OR

95% CI

N

OR

95% CI

Liking

Decreased/stable low (1)

72

1.00

-

117

1.00

-

72

1.00

-

117

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

118

3.39

1.80 – 6.37

85

1.40

0.77 – 2.54

118

3.23

1.69 – 6.15

85

1.62

0.90 – 2.93

Knowledge

Decreased (2)

-

-

-

44

1.00

-

-

-

-

44

1.00

-

 

Stable low (1) (decreased (1))

47

1.00

-

100

0.57

0.33 – 1.01

47

1.00

-

100

1.07

0.61 – 1.86

 

Stable high – increased (0)

166

1.79

0.91 – 3.52

67

0.93

0.51 – 1.69

166

1.59

0.81 – 3.14

67

1.36

0.75 – 2.46

General self-efficacy

Decreased/stable low (1)

63

1.00

-

85

1.00

-

63

1.00

-

85

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

139

2.19

1.17 – 4.10

118

1.38

0.76 – 2.49

139

1.60

0.86 – 3.00

118

1.33

0.75 – 2.35

Modeling

Decreased/stable low (1)

110

1.00

-

95

1.00

-

110

1.00

-

95

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

80

1.16

0.64 – 2.13

101

2.29

1.27 – 4.14

80

1.75

0.94 – 3.25

101

1.48

0.83 – 2.64

Active encourage

Decreased/stable low (1)

100

1.00

-

86

1.00

-

100

1.00

-

86

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

103

1.78

1.00 – 3.16

122

1.96

1.10 – 3.50

103

1.79

1.00 – 3.21

122

1.63

0.92 – 2.88

Facilitation

Decreased (2)

81

1.00

-

78

1.00

-

81

1.00

-

78

1.00

-

 

Stable low (1) (decreased (1))

54

0.84

0.44 – 1.60

66

0.80

0.43 – 1.46

54

0.78

0.41 – 1.49

66

0.76

0.42 – 1.38

 

Stable high – increased (0)

77

1.64

0.92 – 2.94

64

2.57

1.32 – 4.98

77

1.77

0.97 – 3.22

64

2.12

1.12 – 4.01

Demand family rule

Decreased (2)

53

1.00

-

-

-

-

53

1.00

-

-

-

-

 

Stable low (1) (decreased (1))

52

0.64

0.33 – 1.24

77

1.00

-

52

0.85

0.45 – 1.61

77

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

106

2.63

1.48 – 4.68

138

3.10

1.66 – 5.79

106

1.66

0.95 – 2.91

138

3.06

1.64 – 5.68

Allow family rule

Decreased/stable low (1)

31

1.00

-

64

1.00

-

31

1.00

-

64

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

180

0.70

0.32 – 1.54

150

1.72

0.94 – 3.16

180

1.76

0.80 – 3.91

150

1.94

1.06 – 3.55

Availability at home

Decreased/stable low (1)

75

1.00

-

80

1.00

-

75

1.00

-

80

1.00

-

 

Stable high – increased (0)

112

2.38

1.29 – 4.40

115

1.47

0.79 – 2.71

112

1.38

0.76 – 2.53

115

2.14

1.17 – 3.91

  1. OR – odds ration for comparison with the control group; CI, confidence interval.
  2. Analyses are adjusted for children's age, gender, region of residence of the children (only in the Schoolgruiten study), and parental educational level