From: Food price policies improve diet quality while increasing socioeconomic inequalities in nutrition
Low-income group | Medium-income group | p-valuev | |
---|---|---|---|
N = 95 | N = 33 | ||
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age, y | 35.3 ± 7.0 | 34.8 ± 6.9 | 0.3509 |
Educationi, y | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 0.0001 |
Employed, % | 17 | 70 | <.0001 |
Income, € per month and per consumption unit | 572.5 ± 140.4 | 1500.7 ± 444.5 | <.0001 |
Household size, number of persons | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 0.0011 |
Health characteristics | |||
Body Mass Indexi i, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 5.8 | 23.9 ± 4.3 | 0.1921 |
Overweight, % | 44 | 33 | 0.2744 |
At least one chronic health disorderi i i, % | 20 | 12 | 0.3098 |
Never sport, % | 58 | 24 | 0.0149 |
Total energy content, kcal | |||
Learning (24 h recall) | 1487.48 ± 584.6 | 1458.28 ± 679.7 | 0.4957 |
Baseline | 1555.69 ± 949.7 | 1456.16 ± 643.5 | 0.4546 |
Fruit and vegetable condition | 1471.33 ± 575.4 | 1409.98 ± 698.2 | 0.2926 |
Nutrient profile condition | 1400.19 ± 570.5 | 1364.06 ± 550.5 | 0.3085 |
Food content at baselineiv, in grams | |||
Fruit and vegetables (beverages included) | 410.3 ± 380.8 | 514.7 ± 362.6 | 0.0776 |
Beverages alone | 56.3 ± 133.9 | 38.2 ± 78.3 | 0.3381 |
Other healthy products (beverages included) | 518.7 ± 290.1 | 703.6 ± 325.2 | 0.0008 |
Beverages alone | 342.1 ± 249 | 462.5 ± 318.9 | 0.0127 |
Neutral products (beverages included) | 727.5 ± 454.1 | 903.0 ± 664.8 | 0.1285 |
Beverages alone | 495.5 ± 389.6 | 630.7 ± 665 | 0.3729 |
Unhealthy products (beverages included) | 322.9 ± 395.8 | 195.9 ± 235.5 | 0.0631 |
Beverages alone | 66.3 ± 157.2 | 39.3 ± 123 | 0.3242 |
Expendituresiv, € | |||
Fruit and vegetables | 1.16 ± 0.91 | 1.57 ± 1.20 | 0.0373 |
Other healthy products | 1.23 ± 1.10 | 1.70 ± 1.22 | 0.0065 |
Neutral products | 1.27 ± 2.13 | 1.42 ± 1.24 | 0.1539 |
Unhealthy products | 1.56 ± 2.45 | 0.94 ± 1.26 | 0.0930 |