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Table 3 Summary of observational studies with sedentary behaviour and physical activity outcomes

From: A place for play? The influence of the home physical environment on children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour

Author (Year), Country

Sample characteristics (Number, Age, % Male)

Outcome variables

Home physical and social environment independent variables

Adjustments

Internal validity

External validity

   

House & yard

PA equipment

Media equipment

BR media equipment

Family rules

Family support

Family behaviour

   

Sedentary and Physical Activity Outcome - Cross-Sectional Studies

Hume (2005); Aust.A B[73]

n=127; 10 yrs, 52%

Sedentary time;

 

0F,0M

0F,0M

0F,0M

   

Not included (NS); stratified by sex

+

+

  

LPA;

 

0F,0M

0F,0M

0F,0M

      
  

MPA (Acc) (V, R)

 

0F,0M

0F,0M

0F,+M

      

Roemmich (2007); USA [74]

n=88; 8–12 yrs; 50%

TV time (SR & PR);

  

+

    

Age, SES, % overweight, Acc wear time (PA), gender

+

+

  

PA counts;

  

0

       
  

MVPA time (Acc) (V)

  

0

       

Rosenberg (2010); USA [75]

n=189; 12–18 yrs; 49% n=116; 5–11 yrs; 48%

TV time;

 

-

+

+

   

Age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, no. of children; stratified by age; analysed by PR/SR

+

+

  

Sedentary time (SR & PR);

 

0

+

+

      
  

MVPA time (SR & PR) (V)

 

+

0

0

      

Salmon (2005); Aust. [76]

n=878; 10–12 yrs; M/F

TV Time (PR) (V,R);

  

0F,0M

0F,0M

-F,-M

0F,+M

+F,+M

Maternal ed., school clustering, weight (girls TV model); stratified by gender

++

++

  

PA counts (low) (Acc) (V)

  

0F,+/-M

0F,0M

-F,+M

+F,0M

+F,+M

   

Sirard (2010); USAC[77]

n=575; 10–17 yrs; 49%

Sedentary time (Acc) (V,R);

 

-

+

0

   

Gender, age, ethnicity, parent ed., pubertal status, people in home, parent BMI, mth of data collection, free lunch, study cohort, school clustering; stratified by gender (screen time)

+

+

  

Screen time (SR);

 

-F,0M

+F,0M

0F,0M

      
  

MVPA time (Acc) (V)

 

+

0

0

      

Sedentary and Physical Activity Outcome - Longitudinal Studies

Delmas (2007); France [78]

n=379, 12 yrs; 51%

TV time;

   

0F,+M

   

School clustering, sexual maturity, SES; stratified by gender

++

+

  

Reading (SR) (V,R);

   

-F,-M

      
  

Free & Club PA (SR) (V)

   

0F,0M

      
  1. Longitudinal studies include age at baseline; PA physical activity, LPA light physical activity, MPA moderate physical activity, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity; All analysis at highest multivariate level unless otherwise noted; Significance at p<0.05 unless otherwise noted; M (male) & F (female) entered separately where stratified as such; For studies with multiple groups or time specific outcomes at least half of analysis must show an association in the given direction (‘+’ or ‘-‘) with an independent variable; Adjustments listed as stated in paper; SR self report, PR parent report, Acc accelerometer, V validity reported, R reliability reported, NS potential confounders not included in final analysis as found to be non-significant, SES socioeconomic status, BMI body mass index, A bivariate analysis; B independent measures taken from map drawn by sample; C PA equipment measure also includes physical activity to media equipment ratio.