Correlates of walking and cycling for transport and recreation: factor structure, reliability and behavioural associations of the perceptions of the environment in the neighbourhood scale (PENS)

Table 4 Test-retest reliability of mean scores for individual items assessing environmental perceptions and environmental factors ^a

Item name^b	T1/T2	n	Mean (SD)	ICC	Environmental factor	T1/T2	n	Mean score (SD)	ICC
Walking safe from traffic	T1	165	0.90 (1.13)	0.69	TRAFFIC SAFETY	T1	165	0.54 (1.04)	0.77
Walking safe from traffic	T2		0.79 (1.08)			T2		0.47 (0.99)
Cycling safe from traffic	T1	163	0.23 (1.32)	0.67
Cycling safe from traffic	T2		0.13 (1.21)
Safe to cross roads	T1	165	0.49 (1.23)	0.68
	T2		0.51 (1.14)
Convenient walk/cycle routes	T1	159	1.01 (1.14)	0.55	SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE	T1	165	0.75 (0.78)	0.63
Convenient walk/cycle routes	T2		0.89 (0.96)			T2		0.71 (0.73)
Cycle lanes/routes	T1	164	0.74 (1.15)	0.53
Cycle lanes/routes	T2		0.76 (1.06)
Variety of walk/cycle routes	T1	164	0.41 (1.09)	0.45
Variety of walk/cycle routes	T2		0.50 (0.97)
Pleasant to walk/cycle	T1	164	0.85 (1.01)	0.61
	T2		0.71 (1.01)
Places to walk/cycle to	T1	163	0.87 (1.14)	0.32	LOCAL AMENITIES	T1	165	1.07 (0.85)	0.42
Places to walk/cycle to	T2		0.83 (1.02)			T2		1.09 (0.79)
Open spaces	T1	161	1.06 (1.12)	0.48
Open spaces	T2		1.12 (0.93)
Pavements for walking	T1	162	1.30 (0.96)	0.36
	T2		1.33 (0.86)
Area safe from crime	T1	163	0.85 (1.13)	0.71	SOCIAL ORDER	T1	165	0.57 (0.93)	0.64
Area safe from crime	T2		0.82 (1.06)			T2		0.62 (0.84)
Free from litter	T1	162	0.30 (1.27)	0.47
	T2		0.41 (1.09)
Many road junctions	T1	162	0.72 (0.97)	0.45	STREET CONNECTIVITY	T1	162	0.72 (0.97)	0.45
	T2		0.65 (0.78)			T2		0.65 (0.78)
All items (except ‘many road junctions’)					ENVIRONMENT QUALITY	T1	165	0.75 (0.61)	0.75
						T2		0.73 (0.61)

^aReliability study sample (n = 166); ^bItems were coded such that a high score = perceptions of a highly supportive environment; T1 = survey time point 1, T2 = survey time point 2, SD = standard deviation; ICC = Intraclass correlation coefficient; all ICCs presented p < 0.001 for difference from zero.

ISSN: 1479-5868