Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by incidence of dementia in 2006–2010

No. (%)

90,320

89,819 (99.45)

501 (0.55)

Follow-up, years, median (IQR)

6.9 (1.0)

6.88 (1.04)

4.93 (2.38)

 < 0.001^*

TPA, milli-g, median (IQR)

27.08 (10.03)

27.11 (10.03)

22.99 (8.88)

 < 0.001^*

SED, h/day, median (IQR)

10.71 (2.19)

10.70 (2.19)

11.06 (2.54)

 < 0.001^*

Age at baseline, years, mean (SD)

56.2 (7.8)

56.1 (7.8)

63.7 (5.2)

 < 0.001*

Sex, male, n (%)

39,689 (43.94)

39,421 (43.89)

268 (53.49)

 < 0.001^*

Ethnicity, n (%)

0.779

 White

83,586 (92.54)

83,124 (92.55)

462 (92.22)

 Non-white

6,734 (7.46)

6,695 (7.45)

39 (7.78)

Townsend deprivation index, n (%)

0.251

 1st quintile (least deprived)

20,828 (23.06)

20,702 (23.05)

126 (25.15)

 2nd quintile

19,699 (21.81)

19,592 (21.81)

107 (21.36)

 3rd quintile

18,635 (20.63)

18,550 (20.65)

85 (16.97)

 4th quintile

17,634 (19.52)

17,535 (19.52)

99 (19.76)

 5th quintile (most deprived)

13,524 (14.97)

13,440 (14.96)

84 (16.77)

Education, n (%)

 < 0.001^*

 Low

7,205 (7.98)

7,112 (7.92)

93 (18.56)

 Intermediate

43,333 (47.98)

43,119 (48.01)

214 (42.71)

 High

39,782 (44.05)

39,588 (44.08)

194 (38.72)

Smoking status, n (%)

 < 0.001^*

 Never

51,639 (57.17)

51,402 (57.23)

237 (47.31)

 Previous

32,383 (35.96)

32,251 (35.91)

232 (46.31)

 Current

6,198 (6.86)

6,166 (6.86)

32 (6.39)

Alcohol intake frequency, n (%)

 < 0.001^*

 Never

5,011 (5.55)

4,964 (5.53)

47 (9.38)

 Less than 3 times/week

40,677 (45.04)

40,476 (45.06)

201 (40.12)

  ≥ 3 times/week

44,632 (49.42)

44,379 (49.41)

253 (50.50)

BMI category (kg/m²), n (%)

0.155

 Underweight (< 18.5)

503 (0.56)

502 (0.56)

1 (0.20)

 Normal weight (18.5–25)

35,187 (38.96)

34,991 (38.96)

196 (39.12)

 Overweight (25–30)

37,256 (41.25)

37,065 (41.27)

191 (38.12)

 Obese (≥ 30)

17,374 (19.24)

17,261 (19.22)

113 (22.55)

CVD event, n (%)

3,488 (3.86)

3,426 (3.81)

62 (12.38)

 < 0.001^*

Hypertension, n (%)

20,612 (22.82)

20,439 (22.76)

173 (34.53)

 < 0.001^*

Diabetes, n (%)

3,066 (3.39)

3,017 (3.36)

49 (9.78)

 < 0.001^*

Cancer, n (%)

6,620 (7.33)

6,579 (7.32)

41 (8.18)

0.462

Depression, n (%)

3,476 (3.85)

3,454 (3.85)

22 (4.39)

0.527

APOE ε4 carrier status, n (%)

 < 0.001^*

 ε4 non-carrier

54,196 (60.00)

53,995 (60.12)

201 (40.12)

 One ε4 allele

19,582 (21.68)

19,406 (21.61)

176 (35.13)

 Two ε4 alleles

1,664 (1.84)

1,627 (1.81)

37 (7.39)

 Missing data, No. (%)

14,878 (16.47)

14,791 (16.47)

87 (17.37)