Trial name: First author publication year (year study commenced), Country, (Reference #) | Age of child at Intervention commencement (intervention duration) in months | Measured study outcomes | Study design | Main medium of intervention delivery | Supplementary medium of intervention delivery | Intervention delivery provider | Intervention setting | No. of sessions | Parity | Retention % | Measurement time points | Care giver age (years) | Qualifications of mother |
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INFANT: Campbell 2008 (2008), Australia [3] | 3 (15) | BMI; TV viewing, PA and non-core drink & fruit, veg, dietary intake | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | Group sessions | Text messages + mail-outs | Dietitians | Parent groups | 6 calls (number of text messages not specified) | Primiparous 100% | 89 | 3 months, 9 months, 20 months | 32.3 | 54.2% tertiary qualified |
Carlsen 2013 (2010), Denmark [29] | At birth (6) | BMI; exclusive breastfeeding & any breastfeeding | Randomised trial | Telephone | None | Certified lactation consultant | Participant choice | 9 | Primiparous 67% | 85 | 1 months, 3 months, 6 months | 31.3 | Not reported |
PRIMROSE: Doring 2014 (2014), Sweden [30] | 9 (48) | BMI and waist circumference; eating habits, physical activity | Cluster-randomised trial | Face-to-face | Group sessions + telephone | Child Health Centre nurses | Child Health Centres | 9 total - 7 face-to-face; 2 telephone | First-time mothers, 100% primiparous | unclear | BMI at baseline (6–9 months); BMI at 4 years of child’s age; | 30.3 | 66.8% tertiary qualified |
Franco-Antonio 2018 (2018), Spain [31] | At birth (6) | Breastfeeding; breastfeeding self-efficacy | Multi-centre parallel group RCT | Combination: Face-to-face + telephone | None | Midwife or trained nurse | Community | 4 | Primiparous (34.1%) | 92 | 0 mo (baseline), 1 month, 3 months, 6 months | 32.8 | 26.1% tertiary qualified |
MumBubConnect Gallegos 2014 (2010), Australia [32] | 2.5 (2) | Breastfeeding rates and breastfeeding self-efficacy | Non-concurrent, prospective comparison trial | Text messages | Telephone + social media | Breastfeeding counsellor | Participant choice | 8 | Not reported | 86 | 2–3 months, 4–5 months | 31 | 61% tertiary qualified |
Gibby 2019 (2019), Hawai’I & Puerto Rico [33] | Near birth (4) | Weight changes; feeding practices | Randomised controlled trial | Text messages | None | Third-party web-based text messaging platform | Participant choice | 18 | Primiparous (40.2%) | 84 | 0-1mo and 4-6mo | 27 | 53.5% tertiary qualified |
Steps to Growing Up Healthy: Gorin 2014 (2014), USA [34] | 35 (12) | BMI | Randomised trial | Combination: Face-to-face + telephone + home visits | None | Medical team (clinician, paediatric resident, nurse and medical assistant); phone calls and home visits by community health worker (CHW) | Paediatric primary care clinic | 4 | Not reported | 90 | 35mo and 47mo | 35.4 | Not reported |
Healthy Habits, Happy Homes: Haines 2013 (2011), USA [35] | 48 (6) | Behavioural outcomes: eating meals together as family, sleep duration, TV viewing time, presence of TV in child’s sleeping room) | Randomised trial | Combination: Home visits + telephone + text messages + educational materials | None | Health educator | Mainly at home | 48 total - 4 home visits; 4 telephone calls; 40 text messages | Not reported | 92 | 48mo and 54mo | Not reported | 49% tertiary qualified |
Hannan 2012 (2012), USA [36] | At birth (2) | Weight gain | Randomised clinical trial | Telephone | None | Paediatric nurse practitioners | Participant choice | 6 | Primiparous 100% | unclear | 0 and 2 months | 24.1 | 69.1% high school qualified or more |
Harris-Luna 2018 (2018), USA [37] | At birth (3) | Exclusive Breastfeeding and Breastfeeding duration | Pragmatic design | Telephone | None | Certified promotoras | Participant choice | 8 | Not reported | 100 | 0 to 12 weeks | 26.36 | Not reported |
M528: Hmone 2017 (2015), Myanmar [38] | During pregnancy 28 weeks’ gestation (9) | Exclusive breastfeeding rate | 2-group parallel-arm randomised controlled trial | Text messages | None | Text messages were sent by CommConnect,Telerivet | Participant choice | 117 text messages | Primiparous 57% | 79 | 1,2,3,4,5 & 6 months | 60% 25–34 age group | 96% high school qualified |
Healthy Babies: Horodynski 2011 (2011), USA [39] | 1 (11) | Infant growth pattern; maternal knowledge and self-efficacy; feeding practices | Randomised experimental short-term longitudinal controlled trial | Home visits | Telephone | Paraprofessional instructor | Mainly at home | 9 | Not reported | unclear | 1 month (baseline), 6 months and 12 months | Not reported | 75% high school qualified |
Jiang 2014 (2014), China [40] | 3rd trimester of pregnancy (15) | Duration and rate of EBF; timing of intro of solid foods; other feeding practices (eg. cup feeding, bottle feeding, food reward) | Quasi-experimental design | Text messages | None | FrontlineSMS used for sending messages | Participant choice | 66 | Primiparous 100% | 82 | Breastfeeding at 4,6,12mo; Intro of solid foods at 4, 6mo; infant feeding behaviours at 12mo | 25–29 age group (58.4%) | 100% high school qualified |
The Baby Milk Trial: Lakshman 2015 (2011), UK [41] | At birth (6) | Change in weight; change in BMI; skinfold thickness | Explanatory, parallel, individually randomised controlled trial | Combination: Face-to-face + telephone + leaflets + stickers | None | Research nurses | Health check clinics | 5 | Primiparous 51.9% | 87 | Baseline, 6 months and 12 months | 31.9 | 59.3% tertiary qualified |
Growing Healthy: Laws 2018 (2015), Australia [42] | At birth (9) | Breastfeeding duration; Intro to solids; formula preparation (where applicable) | Quasi-experimental design | Combination: App + website + push notifications + text messages | Emails + social media | App and website developed by research team | Participant choice | 72 push notifications + text messages but App available 24 × 7 | Primiparous 57.5% | 80 | Baseline (3mo), 6 months and 9 months | 30.4 | 78.9% tertiary qualified |
Smart Moms: Nezami 2018 (2014), USA [43] | 55 (6) | Child SSB consumption and BMI | Two-group randomised controlled trial | Combination: Group session + Website + text messages | None | Principal investigator | Community group session | 73 total - 1 group + 72 text messages | Not reported | 82 | Baseline (56.4 mo), 3 months and 6 months post-intervention | 36.6 | 81.5% tertiary qualified |
Patel 2018 (2010), India [44] | 3rd trimester of pregnancy (9) | Exclusive Breastfeeding; bottle feeding | Two-arm, hospital-based pilot study | Combination: Telephone + text messages | None | Auxiliary nurse midwives | Participant choice | 288 total - 36 calls + 252 text messages | Not reported | 92 | 24 h after birth, weeks 6, 10 14 and at 6 months | <=24 age group 50.9% | 29.5% high school qualified |
WIC: Pugh 2010 (2003), USA [45] | At birth (6) | Breastfeeding | Two-group randomised controlled trial | Hospital and home visits | Telephone | Nurse + Peer counsellor | Mainly at home | 17 | Primiparous 50.6% | 71 | 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks postpartum | 23.1 | 11.3% tertiary qualified |
Tahir 2013 (2010), Malaysia [46] | At birth (6) | Breastfeeding practice | Single blinded randomised controlled trial | Telephone | None | Certified lactation counsellors (Nurses trained in lactation counselling) | Participant choice | 12 | Primiparous 38.1% | 89 | 1 month, 4 months, 6 months | 28.6 | 27.7% tertiary qualified |
Baby’s first bites: van der Veek 2019 (2019), Netherlands [47] | 4 (12) | Vegetable consumption, vegetable liking, child eating behaviours, child anthropometrics | Four-arm randomised controlled trial | Combination: Print materials + telephone | None | Trained researchers or Master’s students | Participant choice | 5 | 100% | 95 | Baseline, 18, 24 and 36 months | 30.4 | 41.6% high school qualified |
Mothers & Others: Wasser 2017 (2013), USA [48] | At 30 weeks’ gestation during pregnancy (14) | Mean weight-for-length z-score; exclusive breastfeeding; intro to complementary foods; fruit and vegetable intake; infant sleep; and expsoure to television | 2-group randomised controlled trial | Combination: Home visits+ Newsletters+ text messages | None | Peer Educator plus Certified Lactation Consultant | Mainly at home | Total 130–8 home visits + 122 text messges | Not reported | unclear | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Healthy Beginnings: Wen 2007 (2007), Australia [2] | At 30 weeks’ gestation during pregnancy (26) | Duration of breastfeeding; delayed introduction of solids; feeding habits; tv viewing; active play; overweight and obesity | Randomised controlled trial | Home visits | Telephone | Specially trained community nurse | Mainly at home | 8 plus pro-active telephone | Primiparous 100% | 75 | Baseline, 6 months; 12 months; 24 months | 26 | 80.4% high school qualified |
CHAT: Wen 2017 (2017), Australia [1] | At 28 weeks’ gestation during pregnancy (15) | Tummy time, drinking water, cup feeding, TV viewing, BMIz, TV viewing, fruit / vegetable intake | 3-arm parallel randomised controlled trial | Combination: Telephone + intervention booklets (or) text messages + intervention booklets | Child and family health nurse (telephone); automated SMS | Participant choice | 6 calls or 48 text messages | Primiparous 54% | 80 | Baseline (on recruitment); 6 months; 12 months | < 30 age group 70% | 68% Tertiary qualified | |
Linked trial for HB: Wen 2019 (2019), Australia [19] | 24 (12) | BMI and BMIz; diet, PA and screen time; cost-effectiveness | Parallel randomised controlled trial | Combination: Telephone + text messages + intervention booklets | Child and Family Health Nurse/midwife | Participant choice | 3 calls plus 48 text messages | Ongoing | ongoing | Baseline at 24 months and 36 months of child’s age | Ongoing | Ongoing |