Skip to main content

Table 1 Study sample (experimental vs. control) and overall Carrot Rewards user population characteristics

From: Adding team-based financial incentives to the Carrot Rewards physical activity app increases daily step count on a population scale: a 24-week matched case control study

Category

Experimental (n = 39,355)

Control (n = 21,815)

Study Sample (n = 61,170)

Overall (n = 870,255)

Age (mean ± SD)a

32.13 ± 11.18

32.60 ± 11.20

32.3 ± 11.19

33.7 ± 11.6

 13–17 years

1151 (2.9%)

621 (2.8%)

1772 (2.9%)

27,452 (4%)

 18–24 years

9848 (25.0%)

5096 (23.4%)

14,944 (24.4%)

178,439 (24%)

 25–34 years

15,102 (38.4%)

8278 (37.9%)

23,380 (38.2%)

241,746 (32%)

 35–44 years

7332 (18.6%)

4374 (20.1%)

11,706 (19.1%)

140,785 (19%)

 45–54 years

3854 (9.8%)

2267 (10.4%)

6121 (10%)

97,143 (13%)

 55–64 years

1729 (4.4%)

957 (4.4%)

2677 (4.4%)

52,023 (7%)

 65+ years

348 (0.9%)

222 (1.0%)

570 (0.9%)

17,563 (2%)

Genderb

 Female

25,133 (63.9%)

13,737 (63.0%)

38,870 (63.5%)

548,305 (59%)

 Male

14,222 (36.1%)

8.078 (37.0%)

22,300 (36.5%)

370,126 (40%)

Provincec

 BC

7714 (19.6%)

3940 (18.1%)

11,654 (19.1%)

215,654 (24.8%)

 NL

1116 (2.8%)

492 (2.3%)

1608 (2.6%)

40,314 (4.6%)

 ON

30,525 (77.6%)

17,383 (79.7%)

47,908 (78.3%)

614,287 (70.6%)

Baseline Daily Step Countd

6074 ± 3358

6076 ± 3333

6075 ± 3349

5560 ± 2726e

Pre-Intervention (valid weeks)

11.16 ± 1.7

10.81 ± 2.0

11.03 ± 1.8

n/a

Intervention (valid weeks)

11.47 ± 1.4

10.86 ± 2.1

11.25 ± 1.7

n/a

  1. Note: all tests performed on matching data comparing experimental and control group characteristics
  2. aIndependent samples t-test – p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 0.042
  3. bChi squared – chi square = 4.819, p = 0.028, Cramer’s V = 0.009
  4. cChi squared – chi square = 43.517 p < 0.0001, Cramer’s V = 0.027
  5. dBaseline Daily Step Count is the mean value calculated based on each user’s daily step count during the first two-weeks they were using the standard steps program; independent samples t-test – p > 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.000661
  6. eBaseline daily step count data unavailable for overall Carrot Rewards population, mean and SD from Mitchell et al. (2020)