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Fig. 4 | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Fig. 4

From: Sweetened beverage taxes and changes in beverage price, imports and manufacturing: interrupted time series analysis in a middle-income country

Fig. 4

Impact of SSB tax increase in Tonga in 2013, 2016 and 2017 on untaxed beverage import volumes, compared to what was expected based on existing trends (the 15% tariff on milk was removed in 2016). Note: Milk (HS 0401.10 and 0401.20), juice (HS 2009) and powdered drink sachets (HS 1701.91.10), with adjustment for autocorrelation, GDP per capita, visitor numbers, season and exchange rate T$/US$, 2009–2018. The dashed line denotes the timing of the SSB tax changes. The grey area indicates a period when the beverage was taxed and substitution from the other taxed beverages was less likely to be occurring. Note a 15% import tariff was removed from milk (tax decrease) at the time of the 2016 tax change, but otherwise these beverages were not subject to any tax changes. Source: Tonga Customs

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