Skip to main content

Table 3 Mixed-effects regression results expressed as percentage change in energy purchased (kcal)

From: Altering the availability of healthier vs. less healthy items in UK hospital vending machines: a multiple treatment reversal design

 

Mean kcal per week per machine*

(s.d.)

Percentage energy (kcal) change

(95% CIs)

p-value

(Kenward-Roger)

Snacks

Standard

37,813

(48,082)

Ref

Ref

Decrease Less healthy

31,921

(38,622)

−17.2%

(− 47.4, 30.5)

0.407

 

& Increase Healthier

36,931

(46,198)

47.9%

(−7.9, 137.4)

0.103

Decrease Healthier

37,511

(47,705)

−19.1%

(−48.5, 27.1)

0.350

 

& Increase Less healthy

41,955

(56,127)

37.8%

(−14.2, 121.3)

0.180

Drinks

Standard

4558

(5785)

Ref

Ref

Decrease Less healthy

1750

(2592)

−52.6%

(−69.3, −26.9)

0.001

 

& Increase Healthier

2042

(2795)

−17.1%

(−48.9, 34.6)

0.446

Decrease Healthier

4900

(5863)

21.0%

(−23.8, 92.1)

0.415

 

& Increase Less healthy

5675

(7979)

3.1%

(−37.4, 69.8)

0.903

  1. * Unadjusted means; Means for increases represent periods when healthier options were increased while less healthy options remained decreased or periods when less healthy options were increased while healthier options remained decreased