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Table 1 General characteristics of included studies

From: Systematic review of interventions in the childcare setting with direct parental involvement: effectiveness on child weight status and energy balance-related behaviours

Study

Study design

Intervention characteristics

No. of participating organisations

Study participant characteristics

Targeted behaviour

Outcome measures and follow-up

  

Country, period, setting, duration

 

Number, drop-out, mean age

 

BMI

PA

NB

SB

Adamo et al. (2017)1 [51]

Cluster RCT

Canada,

Spring 2013 – fall 2014,

Childcare centres,

6 months

12 int. childcare centres

6 con. Childcare centres

N = 215

34.4%

3.6 ± 0.5

PA

BMI, fat free mass, body fat percentage; 3 and 6 months

Time in total PA, time in MVPA, time in LPAa; 3 and 6 months

NA

Time in SBa; 3 and 6 months

Cespedes et al. (2013) [37]

Cluster RCT

Colombia,

June – October 2009,

preschools

5 months

7 int. preschools

7 con. Preschools

N = 1216

8.2%

NR (range: 3–5 years)

PA, N

BMIa; 6 and 18 months

NA

NA

NA

Cruz et al. (2016)2 [52]

Cluster RCT

USA,

2008–2010

Head Start Centres,

2 years

8 int. childcare centres

8 con. Childcare centres

N = 655

NR†

4.1 ± 0.7 yrs.

PA, N

NA

How often in PA behavioursb:

- ball playing

- dancing

- playing active games

- jumping

- walking; 1 and 2 yrs

NA

NA

Davis et al. (2016)2 [56]

Cluster RCT

USA,

2008–2010

Head Start Centres,

2 years

8 int. childcare centres

8 con. Childcare centres

N = 655

NR†

4.1 ± 0.7 yrs

PA, N

BMIa; 1 and 2 yrs

NA

NA

NA

De Bock et al. (2013) [38]

Cluster RCT

Germany,

2009–2010

Preschools,

6 months

19 int. preschools

20 con. Preschools

N = 809

14.6–31.0%

5.05 ± 0.7 yrs

PA

BMIa; 6 and 12 months

Time in MVPAa; 6 and 12 months

NA

Time in SBa; 6 and 12 months

Gao et al. (2016)3 [53]

Cluster RCT

China,

2001–2002,

Kindergartens,

10 months

5 int. kindergartens

3 con. Kindergartens

N = 2102

16.5%

5.0 ± 0.9 yrs.

N

NA

NA

Breakfast patterns (frequency, food products consumed)b; 4 and 10 months

NA

Hu et al. (2010)3 [54]

Cluster RCT

China,

2001–2002,

Kindergartens,

10 months

5 int. kindergartens

3 con. Kindergartens

N = 2102

16.5%

5.0 ± 0.9

N

BMIa; 4 and 10 months

NA

Dietary behavioursb; 4 and 10 months

NA

Kaufman-Shriqui et al. (2016) [39]

Cluster RCT

Israel,

2008–2009

Preschools,

3 months

7 int. preschools

4 con. Preschools

N = 238

7.6%

5.3 ± 0.54 yrs.

N

BMIa z-score; 3 and 6 months

Time in PA during leisure timeb; 3 and 6 months

Nutritional habitsb (variety of foods consumed, consumption of vegetables, sweets, SSB and water); 3 and 6 months

Daily screentimeb; 3 and 6 months

Klein et al. (2015) [40]

Retrospectively

Germany,

2006, 2008

Preschools,

Unavailable

27 int. preschools

11 cont. Preschools

N = 1436

NR

4.7 ± 0.9 yrs

PA, N, SB

BMI (percentile)a; 6 months

Motor skill testsa (shuttle run, standing long jump, one leg stand, sit and reach, and lateral jumping); 6 months

NA

NA

Lumeng et al. (2017) [41]

Cluster RCT

USA,

2011–2014

Head Start classrooms,

7 months

4 int. classrooms

2 con. Classrooms

N = 697

8.5%

4.11 ± 0.52 yrs

N, SB

BMI z-scorea; 7 months

Time playing outdoorsb; 7 months

Intake of servings of specific foods/food groups per dayb; 7 months

Screentimeb; 7 months

Natale, Lopez-Mitnik et al. (2014) [42]

(cluster) RCT

USA,

NR

Childcare centres,

6 months

6 int. childcare centres

2 con. Childcare centres

N = 307

NR

3.87

(Range: 2–5 yrs)

PA, N

BMI z-scorea

Time in moderate PAb; 3, 6 and 12 months

Dietary intake at home and childcareb; 3, 6 and 12 months

Screentimeb; 3, 6 and 12 months

Natale, Messiah et al. (2014)4 [55]

(cluster) RCT

USA,

2010–2011,

Child care centres,

6 months

12 int. childcare centres

20 cont. Childcare centres

N = 1211

NR

3.9 ± 0.93 yrs

N, PA, SB

NA

NA

Consumption F/V and junk foodb; 1 school year

SBb; 1 school year

Natale et al. (2017)4 [57]

(cluster) RCT

USA,

2010–2011,

Child care centres,

6 months

12 int. centres

20 cont. Centres

N = 1211

NR

3.9 ± 0.93 yrs

N, PA, SB

BMI z-scoresa; 1 school year

NA

Consumption F/V and junk foodb; 1 school year

NA

Nyberg et al. (2015) [43]$

Cluster RCT

Sweden,

2010–2011,

Preschools,

6 months

7 int. classrooms

7 cont. Classrooms

N = 243

0.9%

6.2 ± 0.3 yrs

N, PA, SB

BMIa; 6 and 12 months

Time in PAa, PA habitsb; 6 and 12 months

Intake of indicator foods (F/V, energy-dense products)b; 6 and 12 months

SBb; 6 and 12 months

Nyberg et al. (2016) [44]$

Cluster RCT

Sweden,

2012–2013

Preschools,

6 months

16 int. classrooms

15 cont. Classrooms

N = 378

2.6%

6.3 ± 0.3 yrs

N, PA

BMIa; 6 and 12 months

Time in PAa, PA habitsb; 6 and 12 months

Intake of indicator foods (F/V, energy-dense products)b; 6 and 12 months

SBb; 6 and 12 months

Puder et al. (2011) [45]

Cluster RCT

Switzerland,

2008–2009,

Preschools,

9 months

20 int. classes

20 cont. Classes

N = 727

3,6%

5.2 ± 0.6 yrs

N, PA, SB

BMIa, % body fata, Skin fold thicknessa; 1 school year

Aerobic fitnessa, motor skillsa, level of PAa, b; 1 school year

Eating habitsb; 1 school year

Media useb; 1 school year

Roth et al. (2015) [46]

Cluster RCT

Germany,

2007–2008,

Preschools,

11 months

31 int. preschools

10 cont. Preschools

N = 709

14%

4.7 ± 0.6 yrs

PA

BMINR, Skin fold thicknessNR; 6, 12, and 16 months

Change in MVPAa,

Composite score of motor skillsa; 6, 12, and 16 months

NA

NA

Story et al. (2012) [47]

Cluster RCT

USA,

2005–2006,

Kindergarten,

11 months

Total of 14 schools, division NR

N = 454

NR

5.79 ± 0.51 yrs

PA, N

BMIa; 4 rounds (fall kindergarten, spring kindergarten, fall first grade,

Spring first grade)

Total PA at schoolc; 4 rounds (fall kindergarten, spring kindergarten, fall first grade,

Spring first grade)

% of calories from fat and nutrient content in school mealsa, food intake at homeb; 4 rounds (fall kindergarten, spring kindergarten, fall first grade,

Spring first grade)

NA

Wasenius et al. (2018)1 [58]

Cluster RCT

Canada,

Spring 2013 – fall 2014,

Childcare centres,

6 months

12 int. childcare centres

6 con. Childcare centres

N = 215

34.4%

3.6 ± 0.5 yrs

PA

BMIa; 6 months

Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS)a, Total PAa; 6 months

NA

NA

Williams et al. (2014) [48]

Cluster RCT

USA,

2010

Child care centres,

6–10 weeks

12 int. childcare centres

12. cont. Childcare centres

N = 1143

21.1%

4.4 ± NR yrs

N

NA

NA

At-home consumption of F/V and milkb; 1 week post-intervention

NA

Yin et al. (2012) [49]

Quasi experimental

USA,

2010–2011

Child care centres,

8 months

3 int. centres

1 con. Centre

N = 384

12%

4.1 ± 0.56 yrs

N, PA

BMIa; NR

Gross motor developmenta,

Outdoor step counta; NR

Dietary intakea; NR

NA

Zhou et al. (2014) [50]

Quasi experimental

China,

2010–2011

Child care centres,

12 months

1 int. centre

1 con. Centre

N = 387

4.3%

4.40 ± 0.78 yrs.

PA, N

BMIa, BMI z-score; 12 months

Physical fitnessa; 12 months

NA

NA

  1. BMI = Body Mass Index, Con = control, F/V = fruit/vegetables, Int = intervention, LPA = light physical activity; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, N = nutrition, NA = not applicable, NR = not reported, PA = Physical activity, RCT = Randomised Controlled Trial, SB = sedentary behaviour, SSB = sugar sweetened beverages, yrs. = years
  2. †drop-out was not reported at participant level
  3. 1,2,3,4studies based on the same intervention, but with different outcomes or follow-up. Corresponding numbers indicate the same intervention
  4. $Studies used the same intervention, but with different populations
  5. aobjectively measured
  6. bParent reported
  7. cteacher reported