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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to number of healthy lifestyle factors

From: Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese adults: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million people

Baseline characteristics

Number of healthy lifestyle factorsa

0

1

2

3

4

5

Men (n = 199,240)

 No. of participants, n (%)

3173 (1.6)

26,626 (13.4)

70,911 (35.6)

73,385 (36.8)

23,575 (11.8)

1570 (0.8)

 Age, year

51.9

52.2

52.5

52.3

52.2

53.2

 Urban area, %

59.0

49.1

42.6

39.0

42.8

69.0

 Middle school and above, %

56.5

57.5

57.1

57.3

61.0

68.6

 Married, %

93.4

92.8

93.1

92.8

93.2

95.3

 Prevalent hypertension, %

53.6

44.0

36.5

32.9

32.3

30.7

 Prevalent diabetes, %

7.9

6.8

5.3

4.4

4.2

3.3

Family history of, %

 Heart attack

3.5

3.6

3.0

3.1

3.1

2.8

 Stroke

18.3

18.8

17.7

17.5

17.7

16.6

 Cancer

18.8

17.7

17.0

16.6

16.2

16.7

Dietary metrics, %

 Eating vegetables daily

93.6

94.7

94.8

94.8

95.1

99.8

 Eating fruits daily

7.9

10.0

12.0

14.6

21.9

53.8

 Eating red meat 1–6 days per week

50.3

57.3

62.1

65.3

71.4

89.6

 Eating fish at least 1 day per week

53.6

49.9

48.2

48.0

51.7

75.8

 Eating legumes at least 4 days per week

9.9

8.2

8.2

10.0

17.9

51.2

Having healthy lifestyle factors, %

 Non-smoking

–

3.2

16.0

40.5

90.9

–

 Non-excessive alcohol intake

–

57.3

80.0

95.7

99.3

–

 Being physically active

–

10.6

33.7

67.8

91.3

–

 Healthy dietary habits

–

0.9

3.0

7.4

20.9

–

 Healthy body weight and fat

–

30.7

67.6

89.2

96.9

–

Women (n = 287,958)

 No. of participants, n (%)

70 (< 0.1)

1725 (0.6)

45,964 (16.0)

126,861 (44.1)

104,504 (36.3)

8834 (3.1)

 Age, year

59.3

60.1

54.6

51.0

49.4

49.0

 Urban area, %

22.1

40.6

45.9

43.7

39.9

70.5

 Middle school and above, %

30.7

30.8

39.1

43.4

44.2

55.5

 Married, %

81.0

85.7

89.0

89.2

90.1

90.5

 Prevalent hypertension, %

39.4

33.0

40.2

32.5

28.4

27.8

 Prevalent diabetes, %

5.3

7.1

8.5

5.6

4.0

3.7

Family history of, %

 Heart attack

5.2

2.3

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.8

 Stroke

21.4

16.0

17.7

17.6

17.3

18.0

 Cancer

18.7

17.1

16.4

16.4

16.4

16.7

 Postmenopausal, %

51.5

52.2

51.3

50.8

50.4

50.0

Dietary metrics, %

 Eating vegetables daily

94.2

94.1

94.8

94.6

94.3

99.8

 Eating fruits daily

14.2

13.8

15.9

19.0

23.1

61.9

 Eating red meat 1–6 days per week

52.1

62.5

62.9

65.7

71.2

89.3

 Eating fish at least 1 day per week

47.7

37.2

41.2

43.4

46.2

71.4

 Eating legumes at least 4 days per week

10.1

5.6

4.6

6.2

10.9

44.9

Having healthy lifestyle factors, %

 Non-smoking

–

31.1

92.8

97.8

99.9

–

 Non-excessive alcohol intake

–

87.4

97.9

99.5

100.0

–

 Being physically active

–

6.1

4.6

31.9

89.3

–

 Healthy dietary habits

–

0.1

0.2

3.8

14.3

–

 Healthy body weight and fat

–

8.2

5.2

67.1

97.1

–

  1. All variables were adjusted for age at recruitment and survey areas, as appropriate
  2. aHealthy lifestyle factors were defined as: non-smoking or having stopped for reasons other than illness; non-daily drinking or drinking < 30 g (men)/15 g (women) of pure alcohol per day; engaging in an age- (< 50 years, 50–59 years, and ≥ 60 years) and sex-specific median or higher level of physical activity; eating a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes and fish, and low in red meat; having a BMI between 18.5 and 27.9 kg/m2 and a WC < 90 cm (men)/85 cm (women)