Evaluation of the first U.S. staple foods ordinance: impact on nutritional quality of food store offerings, customer purchases and home food environments

Table 2 Store- and neighborhood characteristics at baseline (pre-policy revisions), Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, 2014 (n = 140)

Store characteristics	Minneapolis	St. Paul	P-value^b
Store characteristics	% (N)	% (N)	P-value^b
Store type			0.49
Corner stores, convenience stores, small groceries	44 (34)	32 (20)
Food-gas marts	31 (24)	41 (26)
Dollar stores	9 (7)	10 (6)
Pharmacies	14 (11)	17 (11)
General retailers	1 (1)	0 (0)
Number of aisles in store^d			0.92
0–4	36 (27)	34 (21)
5–8	36 (27)	39 (24)
9+	28 (21)	26 (16)
Number of cash registers^d			0.25
1	44 (33)	30 (18)
2–3	37 (28)	47 (28)
4+	19 (14)	23 (14)
SNAP authorized	92 (71)	98 (62)	0.13
Neighborhood characteristics ^a	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
% Poverty	21.7 (17.3)	19.1 (13.5)	0.35
% < 185 of poverty^c	36.7 (23.2)	36.7 (20.4)	1.0
% Hispanic	11.3 (10.3)	9.8 (6.5)	0.35
Non-Hispanic
% White	58.9 (24.3)	52.3 (23.7)	0.11
% Black	18.3 (17.5)	15.7 (14.9)	0.37
% American Indian/Alaskan Native	1.6 (2.6)	0.6 (1.0)	0.007
% Asian	5.8 (6.9)	18.1 (12.3)	< 0.0001
% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	0.03 (0.1)	0.1 (0.4)	0.06
% Some other race alone	0.3 (0.6)	0.1 (0.3)	0.03
% Two or more races	3.9 (2.1)	3.3 (2.1)	0.08

^aBased on the census tract where store was located (from American Community Survey; 2009–2013 5-year estimates)
^bComparisons between cities; bold indicates p < 0.05
^cPercent of residential households with a household income less than 185% percent of the US Poverty Guidelines (https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines)
^dNote: Number of missing values (if any) for each variable: number of aisles = 4; number of cash registers = 5

ISSN: 1479-5868