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Table 2 Differences in purchases of common checkout foods per household per percentage market share by checkout food policy status

From: Socio-economic and age variations in response to supermarket-led checkout food policies: a repeated measures analysis

 

Ratio of geometric means (95% confidence intervals)

Variable

Level

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Checkout food policy (ref = none)

Vague or inconsistent

0.96 (0.87;1.06)

1.07 (0.90;1.27)

1.06 (0.89;1.27)

Clear & consistent

0.86 (0.78;0.96)

1.16 (0.96;1.41)

0.79 (0.65;0.96)

Year (ref = 2013)

2014

0.97 (0.90;1;04)

1.01 (0.93;1.09)

0.97 (0.89;1.06)

2015

1.06 (0.98;1.14)

1.13 (1.03;1.24)

1.07 (0.97;1.18)

2016

1.10 (1.01;1.20)

1.20 (1.09;1.32)

1.11 (1.00;1.24)

2017

1.12 (1.03;1.22)

1.19 (1.08;1.32)

1.13 (1.01;1.26)

Supermarket shopper mean age (years)

1.02 (0.92;1.12)

1.00 (0.90;1.11)

1.01 (0.91;1.11)

Supermarket shopper mean social grade (5 = most affluent)

0.48 (0.15;1.50)

0.39 (0.11;1.34)

0.36 (0.11;1.21)

Age (ref = <27y)

28-34y

 

1.26 (1.11;1.43)

 

35-44y

 

1.90 (1.67;2.17)

 

45-54y

 

2.22 (1.95;2.52)

 

55-64y

 

2.08 (1.82;2.37)

 

>64y

 

1.83 (1.60;2.08)

 

Checkout food policy * age (ref = Vague or inconsistent, all age groups)

Vague or inconsistent, <28y

 

1.07 (0.90;1.27)

 

Vague or inconsistent, 28-34y

 

1.08 (0.91;1.28)

 

Vague or inconsistent, 35-44y

 

1.01 (0.85;1.20)

 

Vague or inconsistent, 45-54y

 

0.99 (0.83;1.17)

 

Vague or inconsistent, 55-64y

 

0.97 (0.82;1.15)

 

Vague or inconsistent, >64y

 

0.86 (0.72;1.01)

 

Checkout food policy * age (ref = Clear & consistent, all age groups)

Clear & consistent, <28y

 

1.16 (0.96;1.41)

 

Clear & consistent, 28-34y

 

1.06 (0.88;1.29)

 

Clear & consistent, 35-44y

 

0.86 (0.71;1.05)

 

Clear & consistent, 45-54y

 

0.77 (0.64;0.94)

 

Clear & consistent, 55-64y

 

0.80 (0.66;0.98)

 

Clear & consistent, >64y

 

0.77 (0.63;0.93)

 

Social grade (ref = AB)

C1

  

1.12 (0.98;1.28)

C2

  

0.91 (0.80;1.04)

D

  

0.99 (0.87;1.13)

E

  

1.00 (0.87;1.13)

Checkout food policy * social grade (ref = Vague or inconsistent, all social grade groups)

Vague or inconsistent, AB

  

1.06 (0.89;1.27)

Vague or inconsistent, C1

  

0.94 (0.79;1.12)

Vague or inconsistent, C2

  

1.03 (0.87;1.23)

Vague or inconsistent, D

  

0.96 (0.81;1.15)

Vague or inconsistent, E

  

0.84 (0.71;1.01)

Checkout food policy * social grade (ref = Clear & consistent, all social grade groups)

Clear & consistent, AB

  

0.79 (0.65;0.96)

Clear & consistent, C1

  

0.74 (0.61;0.91)

Clear & consistent, C2

  

1.05 (0.86;1.29)

Clear & consistent, D

  

0.96 (0.79;1.18)

Clear & consistent, E

  

0.79 (0.65;0.97)

  1. aModel 1 adjusted for year, supermarket shopper mean age, and supermarket shopper mean social grade. bModel 2 adjusted for year, supermarket shopper mean age, supermarket shopper mean social grade, age group and multiplicative interaction between age group and checkout food policy status. cModel 3 adjusted for year, supermarket shopper mean age, supermarket shopper mean social grade, social grade and multiplicative interaction between social grade and checkout food policy status