From: The role of the natural and built environment in cycling duration in the Netherlands
 | Model 1 (S.E.) | Model 2 (S.E.) | Model 3 (S.E.) |
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −1.80*** (0.02) | −1.18*** (0.03) | −1.13*** (0.04) |
Individual and household level | |||
 Age (yrs.) | |||
  20–29 (ref. = 40–49) |  | − 0.13*** (0.03) | − 0.14*** (0.03) |
  30–39 |  | − 0.18*** (0.03) | − 0.19*** (0.03) |
  50–59 |  | 0.20*** (0.03) | 0.20*** (0.03) |
  60–69 |  | 0.35*** (0.03) | 0.36*** (0.03) |
  70–79 |  | 0.13*** (0.04) | 0.13*** (0.04) |
  80–89 |  | −0.77*** (0.06) | − 0.76*** (0.06) |
 Gender | |||
  Man (ref. = Female) |  | −0.28*** (0.02) | − 0.28*** (0.02) |
 Education | |||
  Lower (ref. = medium) |  | −0.08*** (0.02) | − 0.08*** (0.02) |
  Higher |  | 0.19*** (0.02) | 0.18*** (0.02) |
 Net household income | |||
   < €20,000 (ref.= > €40,000) |  | −0.14*** (0.03) | − 0.14*** (0.03) |
  €20,000–40,000 |  | −0.10*** (0.02) | −0.10*** (0.02) |
 Ethnicity | |||
  Other (ref. = Dutch) |  | −0.83*** (0.04) | − 0.85*** (0.04) |
 Household structure | |||
  Single-person household (ref. = Couple with children) |  | −0.56*** (0.03) | − 0.57*** (0.03) |
  Couple without children |  | −0.22*** (0.02) | −0.23*** (0.02) |
  Single parent with children |  | −0.43*** (0.04) | −0.43*** (0.04) |
 Car ownership | |||
  No car (ref. = 1 car) |  | 0.95*** (0.03) | 0.93*** (0.03) |
  2 or more cars |  | −0.96*** (0.02) | −0.95*** (0.02) |
 Daily weather conditions | |||
  Daily average wind speed (m/s) |  | −0.08*** (0.01) | −0.08*** (0.01) |
  Daily max. Air temperature (°C) |  | 0.27*** (0.01) | 0.27*** (0.01) |
  Daily precipitation sum (mm) |  | −0.07*** (0.01) | −0.08*** (0.01) |
 4-digit postal code zone level | |||
  Address density (1000 addresses per km2) |  |  | 0.09*** (0.21) |
  Land use diversity |  |  | −0.01 (0.01) |
  Street density (km/km2) |  |  | −0.02 (0.02) |
  Number of bus stops |  |  | 0.02* (0.01) |
  Distance to train station (km) |  |  | −0.06** (0.02) |
  Percentage of green (%) |  |  | −0.04 (0.02) |
  Percentage of water (%) |  |  | −0.02 (0.01) |
Level 1: individual and household | |||
 Variance intercept \( {\sigma}_1^2 \) | 5.29 (0.05) | 4.98 (0.04) | 4.98 (0.04) |
Level 2: 4-digit postal code | |||
 Variance intercept \( {\sigma}_2^2 \) | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) |
 Level 2: ICC | 4.4% | 3.5% | 3.4% |
Level 3: Municipality | |||
 Variance intercept \( {\sigma}_3^2 \) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.11 (0.01) |
 Level 3: ICC | 2.5% | 2.2% | 2.2% |