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Table 3 The effects of advertisement condition on the kJ intake in all children and by weight status across both media conditions

From: Sustained impact of energy-dense TV and online food advertising on children’s dietary intake: a within-subject, randomised, crossover, counter-balanced trial

 

Difference in means between food and non-food ads SNACK (kJ)

Difference in means between food and non-food ads LUNCH (kJ)

Additional energy intake per day at the holiday camp after food advertising SNACK PLUS LUNCH (kJ)

Whole group

 All children (n = 154)

111 (434)

p = 0.002, d = 0.2

41 (397)

152 (556)

p = 0.001, d = 0.2

 Under−/normal weight (n = 129)

90 (414)

p = 0.015, d = 0.1

1 (388)

91 (521)

p = 0.05, d = 0.1

 Overweight/obesity (n = 25)

221 (521)

p = 0.045, d = 0.3

246 (389)

p = 0.004, d = 0.4

467 (631)

p = 0.001, d = 0.4

TV only

 All children (n = 76)

19 (460)

89 (413)

108 (603)

 Under−/normal weight (n = 65)

4 (427)

29 (378)

33 (522)

 Overweight/obesity (n = 11)

113 (647)

441 (456)

p = 0.009, d = 1.1

554 (858)

p = 0.058, d = 0.6

TV plus advergame

 All children (n = 78)

201 (388)

p < 0.0001, d = 0.3

–6 (377)

194 (388)

p = 0.001, d = 0.2

 Under−/normal weight (n = 64)

178 (385)

p < 0.0001, d = 0.3

−28 (398)

150 (518)

p = 0.024, d = 0.2

 Overweight/obesity (n = 14)

305 (402)

p = 0.014, d = 0.3

93 (248)

398 (398)

p = 0.002, d = 0.3

  1. Mean (kJ) (SD). All p values are two tailed. d = effect size, Cohen’s d