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Table 1 Participant characteristics and dietary intake in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey and the 2011–13 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

From: Are dietary inequalities among Australian adults changing? a nationally representative analysis of dietary change according to socioeconomic position between 1995 and 2011–13

Variables

1995 National Nutrition Survey

2011–13 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

Men

Women

Overall

Men

Women

Overall

 

n = 4498

n = 4779

n = 9277

n = 3897

n = 4310

n = 8207

Sex/gendera

4498 (50.9) [49.8, 51.9]

4779 (49.2) [48.1, 50.2]

 

3897 (51.7) [50.2, 53.1]

4310 (48.3) [46.9, 49.8]

 

Ageb

43.2 [42.6, 43.8]

45.4 [44.8, 46.0]

44.3 [43.8, 44.8]

46.7 [46.0, 47.4]

47.9 [47.2, 48.6]

47.3 [46.8, 47.8]

Equivalized weekly household incomea

 Low (decile 1–3)

1115 (24.9) [23.4, 26.5]

1492 (31.5) [29.9, 33.1]

2607 (28.1) [26.9, 29.4]

1014 (24.5) [22.8, 26.3]

1520 (31.5) [29.7, 33.3]

2534 (27.9) [26.6, 29.2]

 Medium (decile 4–7)

1731 (38.2) [36.5, 40.0]

1793 (37.7) [36.1, 39.4]

3524 (38.0) [36.6, 39.3]

1484 (41.1) [39.1, 43.2]

1626 (40.0) [38.0, 42.0]

3110 (40.6) [39.2, 42.0]

 High (decile 8–10)

1652 (36.9) [35.2, 38.6]

1494 (30.9) [29.3, 32.4]

3146 (33.9) [32.6, 35.3]

1399 (34.3) [32.4, 36.4]

1164 (28.5) [26.7, 30.4]

2563 (31.5) [30.2, 32.9]

Educational levela

 Low (less than secondary)

2172 (45.9) [44.2, 47.7]

2703 (55.0) [53.2, 56.7]

4875 (50.4) [49.1, 51.7]

936 (22.4) [20.7, 24.1]

1359 (29.0) [27.3, 30.8]

2295 (25.6) [24.4, 26.9]

 Medium (secondary/diploma/trade)

2001 (46.1) [44.3, 47.9]

1784 (39.4) [37.7, 41.1]

3785 (42.8) [41.5, 44.1]

2017 (54.1) [52.0, 56.2]

1774 (43.3) [41.3, 45.4]

3791 (48.9) [47.4, 50.4]

 High (tertiary)

325 (8.0) [7.0, 9.1]

292 (5.7) [5.0, 6.5]

617 (6.8) [6.2, 7.6]

944 (23.5) [21.8, 25.3]

1177 (27.7) [25.9, 29.5]

2121 (25.5) [24.3, 26.8]

Area-level disadvantagea

 1st quintile (most disadvantaged)

829 (17.7) [16.3, 19.1]

949 (19.3) [18.0, 20.7]

1778 (18.5) [17.4, 19.6]

717 (18.3) [16.7, 20.0]

865 (19.1) [17.5, 20.7]

1582 (18.7) [17.6, 19.8]

 2nd quintile

863 (18.8) [17.5, 20.3]

924 (19.3) [17.9, 20.7]

1787 (19.1) [17.9, 20.3]

819 (21.0) [19.4, 22.8]

900 (20.0) [18.4, 21.6]

1719 (20.5) [19.4, 21.7]

 3rd quintile

881 (17.8) [16.4, 19.2]

929 (18.1) [16.8, 19.5]

1810 (18.0) [16.9, 19.1]

779 (20.7) [19.1, 22.5]

854 (21.0) [19.4, 22.7]

1633 (20.9) [19.7, 22.1]

 4th quintile

943 (21.4) [19.9, 23.0]

1010 (21.0) [19.7, 22.5]

1953 (21.2) [20.0, 22.5]

719 (19.6) [18.0, 21.4]

734 (18.2) [16.6, 19.8]

1453 (18.9) [17.8, 20.1]

 5th quintile (least disadvantaged)

982 (24.3) [22.7, 26.1]

967 (22.2) [20.7, 23.8]

1949 (23.3) [22.0, 24.7]

863 (20.3) [18.7, 22.1]

957 (21.8) [20.2, 23.6]

1820 (21.1) [19.9, 22.3]

Smokinga

 Never

1710 (39.8) [38.1, 41.6]

2627 (56.3) [54.6, 58.0]

4337 (47.9) [46.6, 49.2]

1570 (43.8) [41.7, 45.9]

2342 (57.1) [55.1, 59.1]

3912 (50.2) [48.8, 51.7]

 Former

1564 (31.7) [30.1, 33.3]

1068 (20.9) [19.6, 22.2]

2632 (26.4) [25.3, 27.5]

1489 (36.3) [34.3, 38.3]

1227 (27.4) [25.7, 29.2]

2716 (32.0) [30.7, 33.4]

 Current

1224 (28.5) [26.8, 30.2]

1084 (22.8) [21.4, 24.3]

2308 (25.7) [24.5, 26.9]

838 (19.9) [18.3, 21.6]

741 (15.4) [14.1, 16.9]

1579 (17.8) [16.7, 18.9]

Energy (kJ)b

11,272 [11,118, 11,427]

7553 [7452, 7653]

9444 [9338, 9550]

9988 [9830, 10,147]

7398 [7281, 7516]

8737 [8629, 8844]

Carbohydrate (%E)b,c

44.4 [44.0, 44.7]

46.1 [45.8, 46.4]

45.2 [45.0, 45.5]

43.3 [42.8, 43.7]

43.5 [43.0, 43.9]

43.4 [43.1, 43.7]

Total sugars (%E)b,c

19.1 [18.8, 19.4]

20.4 [20.1, 20.7]

19.8 [19.5, 20.0]

18.6 [18.2, 18.9]

19.8 [19.4, 20.2]

19.2 [18.9, 19.4]

Protein (%E)b,c

16.7 [16.5, 16.8]

16.8 [16.6, 17.0]

16.7 [16.6, 16.9]

18.2 [17.9, 18.4]

18.5 [18.3, 18.8]

18.4 [18.2, 18.5]

Fat (%E)b,c

31.8 [31.5, 32.1]

31.7 [31.4, 32.0]

31.8 [31.5, 32.0]

30.5 [30.1, 30.9]

31.2 [30.8, 31.5]

30.8 [30.6, 31.1]

SFA (%E)b,c

12.5 [12.4, 12.7]

12.4 [12.2, 12.5]

12.4 [12.3, 12.6]

11.5 [11.3, 11.7]

11.5 [11.3, 11.7]

11.5 [11.4, 11.6]

MUFA (%E)b,c

11.7 [11.6, 11.8]

11.4 [11.3, 11.5]

11.5 [11.4, 11.6]

11.7 [11.5, 11.9]

11.9 [11.7, 12.0]

11.8 [11.7, 11.9]

PUFA (%E)b,c

4.8 [4.7, 4.8]

4.9 [4.9, 5.0]

4.9 [4.8, 4.9]

4.7 [4.6, 4.8]

5.0 [4.9, 5.1]

4.8 [4.7, 4.9]

Fiber density (g/1000 kJ)b

1.91 [1.88, 1.94]

2.25 [2.22, 2.28]

2.08 [2.05, 2.10]

2.62 [2.57, 2.67]

2.95 [2.89, 3.01]

2.78 [2.74, 2.82]

 

n = 3346

n = 3732

n = 7078

n = 3898

n = 4311

n = 8209

Fruit (≥ 2 serves/d)a

1578

(45.9) [43.8, 48.0]

2013 (54.6) [52.6, 56.6]

3591 (50.2) [48.7, 51.7]

1641 (42.3) [40.3, 44.4]

2331 (54.2) [52.2, 56.2]

3972 (48.1) [46.6, 49.5]

Vegetables (≥ 4 serves/d)a

572 (15.4) [14.0, 16.9]

823 (21.9) [20.3, 23.6]

1395 (18.6) [17.5, 19.8]

627 (16.5) [15.0, 18.1]

956 (21.6) [20.0, 23.3]

1583 (19.0) [17.8, 20.1]

  1. aValues represent n, weighted proportions and 95% CI, n (%) [95% CI]
  2. bValues represent weighted means and 95% CI, mean [95% CI]
  3. c%E: proportion of energy intake