Variable | Usual Care N = 104 | Complete N = 41 | Incomplete N = 63 | HE + PA N = 107 | Complete N = 48 | Incomplete N = 59 | HE N = 114 | Complete N = 51 | Incomplete N = 63 | PA N = 110 | Complete N = 46 | Incomplete N = 64 |
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Age, y, mean ± SD | 31.8 ± 5.6 | 32.1 ± 6.1 | 31.5 ± 5.2 | 31.9 ± 5.3 | 33.3 ± 4.7 | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 32.5 ± 5.5 | 32.9 ± 4.7 | 32.1 ± 6.1 | 31.7 ± 5.1 | 33.0 ± 4.4 | 30.7 ± 5.4 |
Country N (%) | ||||||||||||
Netherlands | 8 (8%) | 3 (7%) | 5 (8%) | 10 (9%) | 8 (17%) | 2 (3%) | 8 (7%) | 3 (6%) | 5 (8%) | 9 (8%) | 7 (15%) | 2 (3%) |
Belgium | 7 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 5 (8%) | 11 (10%) | 4 (8%) | 7 (12%) | 11 (10%) | 4 (8%) | 7 (11%) | 10 (9%) | 2 (4%) | 8 (13%) |
United Kingdom | 11 (11%) | 4 (10%) | 7 (11%) | 10 (9%) | 5 (10%) | 5 (8%) | 13 (11%) | 6 (12%) | 7 (11%) | 11 (10%) | 4 (9%) | 7 (11%) |
Denmark | 27 (26%) | 9 (22%) | 18 (29%) | 25 (23%) | 6 (13%) | 19 (32%) | 25 (22%) | 7 (14%) | 18 (29%) | 25 (23%) | 4 (9%) | 21 (33%) |
Italy | 14 (13%) | 3 (7%) | 11 (17%) | 13 (12%) | 7 (15%) | 6 (10%) | 14 (12%) | 8 (16%) | 6 (10%) | 15 (14%) | 8 (17%) | 7 (11%) |
Spain | 9 (9%) | 7 (17%) | 1 (2%) | 10 (9%) | 7 (15%) | 3 (5%) | 10 (9%) | 6 (12%) | 4 (6%) | 9 (8%) | 7 (15%) | 2 (3%) |
Ireland | 10 (10%) | 2 (5%) | 8 (13%) | 10 (9%) | 3 (6%) | 7 (12%) | 12 (11%) | 3 (6%) | 9 (14%) | 13 (12%) | 5 (11%) | 8 (13%) |
Poland | 10 (10%) | 7 (17%) | 3 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 4 (8%) | 3 (5%) | 10 (9%) | 6 (12%) | 4 (6%) | 11 (10%) | 5 (11%) | 6 (9%) |
Austria | 11 (11%) | 5 (12%) | 6 (19%) | 11 (10%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (3%) | 11 (10%) | 8 (16%) | 3 (5%) | 9 (8%) | 4 (9%) | 5 (8%) |
Having a partner N (%) | 99 (95%) | 38 (93%) | 61 (97%) | 99 (93%) | 47 (98%) | 52 (88%) | 109 (96%) | 50 (98%) | 59 (94%) | 103 (94%) | 43 (93%) | 60 (94%) |
Multiparous, N (%) | 49 (47%) | 16 (39%) | 33 (52%) | 56 (52%) | 25 (52%) | 31 (53%) | 65 (57%) | 33 (65%) | 32 (51%) | 51 (46%) | 26 (57%) | 25 (39%) |
European descent, N (%) | 93 (89%) | 34 (83%) | 59 (94%) | 94 (88%) | 42 (88%) | 52 (88%) | 96 (84%) | 45 (88%) | 51 (81%) | 94 (86%) | 37 (80%) | 57 (89%) |
Higher education, N (%) | 53 (52%) | 21 (51%) | 33 (53%) | 58 (54%) | 29 (60%) | 29 (49%) | 65 (57%) | 29 (57%) | 36 (57%) | 60 (55%) | 26 (57%) | 34 (53%) |
History of GDM, N (%) | 3 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 7 (6%) | 4 (8%) | 3 (5%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (5%) |
Gestation on entry, weeks, mean ± SD | 15.2 ± 2.4 | 14.9 ± 2.6 | 15.3 ± 2.1 | 15.2 ± 2.2 | 15.1 ± 2.1 | 15.3 ± 2.3 | 15.3 ± 2.4 | 15.4 ± 2.5 | 15.3 ± 2.4 | 15.5 ± 2.3 | 15.0 ± 2.6 | 15.9 ± 2.0 |
Pre-pregnancy weight, kg, mean ± SD | 92.0 ± 11.5 | 91.1 ± 11.8 | 92.6 ± 11.4 | 93.3 ± 13.7 | 91.4 ± 14.6 | 94.7 ± 12.9 | 92.5 ± 13.6 | 89.9 ± 11.1 | 95.5 ± 15.1 | 92.7 ± 13.4 | 92.1 ± 13.8 | 93.1 ± 13.1 |
Weight at entry, kg, mean ± SD | 94.2 ± 12.6 | 93.0 ± 12.0 | 94.9 ± 13.0 | 95.2 ± 13.8 | 93.8 ± 15.4 | 96.2 ± 12.3 | 94.8 ± 13.2 | 92.1 ± 10.8 | 97.0 ± 14.5 | 94.6 ± 12.8 | 94.1 ± 90.1 | 95.1 ± 12.5 |
Height, cm, mean ± SD | 165.9 ± 6.7 | 165.7 ± 6.9 | 165.9 ± 6.6 | 166.0 ± 6.6 | 165.4 ± 7.3 | 166.4 ± 6.1 | 165.1 ± 6.6 | 163.9 ± 6.7 | 166.1 ± 6.4 | 165.6 ± 7.2 | 165.5 ± 6.7 | 165.7 ± 7.5 |
BMI at entry, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 34.2 ± 3.9 | 34.8 ± 2.8 | 34.5 ± 4.4 | 34.5 ± 4.0 | 34.2 ± 3.9 | 34.7 ± 4.0 | 34.7 ± 4.2 | 34.3 ± 3.5 | 35.1 ± 4.7 | 34.4 ± 3.8 | 34.3 ± 3.9 | 34.6 ± 3.7 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/l, mean ± SD | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.4 |
HOMA-IR, mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
Utility value, mean ± SD | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.87 ± 0.03 | 0.85 ± 0.02 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.85 ± 0.02 | 0.84 ± 0.03 | 0.86 ± 0.02 |