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Table 1 Overview of included physical and social environmental factors and their corresponding levels

From: Which physical and social environmental factors are most important for adolescents’ cycling for transport? An experimental study using manipulated photographs

Factor

Level

Physical micro-environment

 Separation of cycle path

No cycle path

Cycle path separated from traffic with lines, not separated from

walking path (advisory cycle path)

Cycle path separated from traffic with a curb, not separated from

walking path

Cycle path separated from traffic with a hedge, not separated

from walking path

Cycle path separated from traffic with a curb, cycle path different

colour from walking path

Cycle path separated from traffic with a hedge, cycle path different

colour from walking path

 Evenness of cycle path

Very uneven

Moderately uneven

Even

 Speed limit

50 km/h

30 km/h

 Speed bump

Absent

Present

 Traffic density

4 cars + truck

3 cars

1 car

 Amount of vegetation

No trees

Two trees

Four trees

 Maintenance

Poor upkeep (much graffiti and litter)

Moderate upkeep (a bit of graffiti and litter)

Good upkeep (no graffiti or litter)

Physical macro-environment

 Cycling distance

Via this route it takes 15 min to reach your destination by bike

Via this route it takes 14 min to reach your destination by bike

Via this route it takes 13 min to reach your destination by bike

Via this route it takes 12 min to reach your destination by bike

Via this route it takes 11 min to reach your destination by bike

Via this route it takes 10 min to reach your destination by bike

Social environment

 Co-participation in cycling

Via this route you will cycle alone

Via this route you can cycle along with a friend