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Table 2 Sleep quality and sleep efficiency of grade 5 children by gender, highest level of parental education, school region, household income, weight status and total daily exposure to devices, Alberta, 2012

From: The use of entertainment and communication technologies before sleep could affect sleep and weight status: a population-based study among children

Variables

Frequency

(%)

Good sleep quality (%)

p-value

Very good sleep efficiency (%)

p-value

Gender

 Girls

1235

(53.2)

32.5

0.08

94.2

0.96

 Boys

1071

(46.8)

37.1

 

94.2

 

Highest level of parental education

 No school/Elementary school

63

(3.0)

30.3

<0.001

92.2

0.18

 Secondary/college

1391

(59.0)

32.6

 

94.4

 

 University

792

(38.0)

39.8

 

95.2

 

Region of elementary school

 Metropolitan

612

(49.0)

36.5

0.30

94.7

0.63

 City

781

(16.3)

32.9

 

94.1

 

 Rural/town

941

(34.7)

33.7

 

93.5

 

Household income

 < $50,000 (Low)

385

(19.7)

22.9

<0.001

94.0

0.60

 $50,001 - $100,000 (Middle)

614

(26.6)

32.7

 

94.4

 

 > $100,000 (High)

684

(28.2)

35.1

 

94.2

 

 Don’t know/Prefer not to answer*

575

(25.5)

38.4

 

94.7

 

Weight category**

 Thinness grade 3

20

(0.9)

21.5

***0.10

100.0

***0.53

 Thinness grade 2

49

(2.1)

38.0

 

89.6

 

 Thinness grade 1

233

(10.1)

35.9

 

94.5

 

 Normal

1503

(65.0)

36.2

 

94.9

 

 Overweight

399

(17.3)

29.8

 

92.8

 

 Obese

48

(2.1)

22.5

 

94.3

 

 Morbid Obese

3

(0.1)

26.6

 

100.0

 

Total daily exposure to devices (hours)

 < 2

438

(18.8)

37.4

0.07

96.4

0.06

 2.0

1045

(44.1)

36.8

 

94.5

 

 3.5

48

(2.2)

33.9

 

89.5

 

 4.0

264

(12.1)

32.7

 

93.8

 

 5.0

201

(9.5)

28.4

 

92.5

 

 5.5

318

(13.3)

30.4

 

92.5

 
  1. *Household income category “Don’t know/Prefer not to answer” excluded from p trend calculations
  2. **Missing weight category excluded
  3. ***p values generated using an aggregate of ‘thinness grade 1’, thinness grade 2′ and thinness grade 3′ and ‘obese and morbid obese’ categories
  4. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant