Bidirectional associations between activity-related parenting practices, and child physical activity, sedentary screen-based behavior and body mass index: a longitudinal analysis

Table 3 Association between activity-related parenting practices at age 5 and child’s BMI, physical activity and sedentary screen-based behavior development up to age 7

		Standardized regression coefficients (β)
Activity-related parenting practices	Model	BMI z-score	Physical activity	Sedentary screen-based behavior
Restriction of sedentary behavior	1	0.13***	−0.25***	0.07*
	2	0.13***	−0.23***	0.08**
	3	0.05*	−0.17***	0.05^a
Stimulation to be active	1	−0.02	0.16***	0.00
	2	−0.02	0.15***	−0.03
	3	−0.02	0.12***	0.01
Monitoring activity	1	−0.04	−0.01	−0.05
	2	−0.04	−0.02	−0.03
	3	0.00	−0.03	0.00

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; a the p-value was marginally significant: p = 0.055; model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for recruitment group (conventional vs alternative), child gender and birth weight, parental educational level, employment and country of birth; model 3: adjusted for covariates from model 2 and in addition for BMI z-score at age 5 in parenting practice-BMI associations, and for either physical activity or sedentary screen-based behavior at age 5 in the parenting practice-physical activity/sedentary behavior associations; Explained variances (R2): for BMI: Model 1 = 0.01, Model 2 = 0.06, Model 3 = 0.39; for Physicalactivity: Model 1 = 0.08, Model 2 = 0.13, Model 3 = 0.21; for Sedentary screen-based behavior: Model 1 = 0.01, Model 2 = 0.13, Model 3 = 0.38

ISSN: 1479-5868