| Proportion of workday sitting in % × ± SD (n) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Without HAD | With HAD | Regular Users HAD | Irregular/Non-Users HAD | |
All | 73.3 ± 21.2 (573) | 71.3 ± 22.7 (108) | 66.7 ± 25.0 (54) | 75.8 ± 19.2 (54) |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||
 Gender | ||||
  Male | 73.3 ± 20.3 (295) | 71.2 ± 22.1 (58) | 66.3 ± 23.5 (34) | 78.3 ± 18.1 (24) |
  Female | 73.3 ± 22.1 (278) | 71.3 ± 23.6 (50) | 67.5 ± 28.2 (20) | 73.8 ± 20.2 (30) |
 Age Group | ||||
  18–29 years | 75.1 ± 22.1 (159) | 78.9 ± 13.3 (16) | 83.0 ± 13.3 (10) | 72.4 ± 11.4 (6) |
  30–45 years | 75.7 ± 18.9 (193) | 75.6 ± 17.7 (43) | 69.9 ± 19.6 (24) | 82.6 ± 12.4 (20) |
  46–65 years | 70.0 ± 22.1 (221) | 64.7 ± 27.3 (47) | 54.7 ± 30.1 (20) | 71.8 ± 23.3 (28) |
 Education | ||||
  ‘no school graduation’ | 66.0 ± 23.5 (4) |  |  |  |
  ‘10 years of education’ | 56.5 ± 25.4 (29) | 54.8 ± 9.6 (5) |  | 54.8 ± 9.6 (5) |
  ‘12 years of education’ | 69.1 ± 20.7 (149) | 72.7 ± 21.9 (27) | 74.5 ± 22.1 (15) | 70.4 ± 22.4 (12) |
  ‘13 years of education’ | 74.4 ± 22.3 (187) | 66.7 ± 26.9 (40) | 61.9 ± 30.4 (24) | 74.0 ± 19.4 (16) |
  ‘first university degree or higher’ | 78.0 ± 17.9 (203) | 77.4 ± 17.2 (36) | 66.9 ± 15.9 (15) | 84.6 ± 14.3 (21) |
 Body Mass Index | ||||
  Healthy weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | 73.9 ± 21.0 (356) | 71.2 ± 25.4 (69) | 65.9 ± 29.0 (34) | 76.4 ± 20.4 (35) |
  Overweight–obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 72.4 ± 21.5 (217) | 71.4 ± 17.2 (38) | 68.3 ± 16.6 (19) | 74.6 ± 17.6 (19) |
 Working hours per week | ||||
  ≤20 working hours/week | 71.6 ± 27.0 (110) | 77.6 ± 24.5 (11) | 63.3 ± 44.3 (3) | 82.5 ± 15.3 (9) |
  20–40 working hours/week | 73.1 ± 18.3 (278) | 65.6 ± 24.0 (64) | 62.8 ± 27.0 (33) | 68.5 ± 20.3 (31) |
  >40 working hours/week | 74.7 ± 21.4 (185) | 80.6 ± 14.8 (31) | 74.9 ± 15.6 (17) | 87.7 ± 10.2 (14) |
 Subjective health statusa | ||||
  Excellent–good | 74.0 ± 21.8 (417) | 71.5 ± 20.9 (74) | 67.2 ± 21.7 (40) | 76.7 ± 19.1 (33) |
  Fair–very poor | 71.5 ± 19.5 (156) | 70.7 ± 26.4 (34) | 65.3 ± 34.3 (13) | 74.3 ± 19.9 (20) |
 Health Knowledge ‘Sitting for most of the time at work is bad for my health’b | ||||
   n (%) (strongly) agree | 74.9 ± 20.8 (313) | 67.5 ± 25.6 (61) | 62.8 ± 26.5 (37) | 74.6 ± 23.0 (24) |
   n (%) neither agree nor disagree, (strongly) disagree | 71.4 ± 21.5 (259) | 75.5 ± 16.7 (45) | 73.0 ± 18.6 (15) | 76.7 ± 15.9 (30) |
 Perceived organisational social norms ‘At my workplace nobody would mind if I chose to stand up while working at my desk’b | ||||
   n (%) (strongly) agree | 73.3 ± 20.8 (388) | 71.6 ± 22.8 (91) | 67.3 ± 24.4 (46) | 76.2 ± 20.2 (45) |
   n (%) neither agree nor disagree, (strongly) disagree | 73.2 ± 22.3 (182) | 65.8 ± 21.4 (15) | 53.0 ± 25.9 (6) | 73.7 ± 14.4 (9) |
 Perceived behavioural control ‘It is my choice whether I stand up or sit at my desk while at work’b | ||||
   n (%) (strongly) agree | 71.8 ± 21.2 (314) | 69.1 ± 22.8 (92) | 64.5 ± 25.1 (48) | 74.0 ± 19.1 (44) |
   n (%) neither agree nor disagree, (strongly) disagree | 74.9 ± 21.1 (253) | 83.6 ± 17.6 (12) | 81.2 ± 18.0 (3) | 84.4 ± 18.5 (9) |
  Advantages of sitting less ‘For me to sit less at work is pleasant’b | ||||
   n (%) (strongly) agree | 70.4 ± 21.1 (264) | 68.6 ± 21.5 (47) | 59.8 ± 21.9 (26) | 79.9 ± 15.0 (20) |
   n (%) neither agree nor disagree, (strongly) disagree | 75.9 ± 20.7 (297) | 72.2 ± 23.8 (57) | 71.1 ± 27.4 (24) | 73.0 ± 21.3 (33) |
  Disadvantages of sitting less ‘For me to sit less at work is not beneficial at all’b | ||||
   n (%) (strongly) agree | 74.6 ± 21.2 (141) | 77.1 ± 21.8 (26) | 69.8 ± 25.4 (8) | 80.4 ± 19.7 (18) |
   n (%) neither agree nor disagree, (strongly) disagree | 72.9 ± 21.1 (418) | 68.2 ± 22.6 (78) | 63.9 ± 24.8 (42) | 73.3 ± 18.9 (36) |
  Habit ‘I sit down at my desk without thinking about it’b | ||||
   n (%) (strongly) agree | 76.0 ± 19.0 (406) | 73.5 ± 22.3 (70) | 66.0 ± 26.1 (31) | 79.3 ± 16.9 (39) |
   n (%) neither agree nor disagree, (strongly) disagree | 67.4 ± 24.3 (153) | 65.3 ± 22.7 (35) | 64.7 ± 23.5 (20) | 66.1 ± 22.4 (14) |