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Table 3 Moderator analysis of intervention features for diet and physical activity

From: Behaviour change techniques targeting both diet and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  

Effect size 95 % CI

Effect size 95 % CI

Subgroup analysis

Intervention Features

k present (absent)

Present

Lower limit

Upper limit

Absent

Lower limit

Upper limit

Q

P

Difference

Mode

 Supervised physical activity component

5 (8)

−0.94

−1.323

−0.558

−0.368

−0.631

−0.106

5.852

0.016

−0.572

 Individual face to face

6 (7)

−0.545

−0.885

−0.204

−0.576

−0.905

−0.247

0.017

0.897

0.031

 Group sessions only

5 (8)

−0.856

−1.218

−0.495

−0.408

−0.643

−0.172

4.16

0.041

−0.448

 Combination of group and individual sessions

4 (9)

−0.545

−1.013

−0.077

−0.588

−0.914

−0.263

0.022

0.881

0.043

 Individual contact only

4 (9)

−0.349

−0.712

0.015

−0.661

−0.93

−0.393

1.841

0.175

0.312

Frequency

 Frequency of total contacts (median = 1.73)a

7 (6)

−0.828

−1.083

−0.574

−0.17

−0.456

0.116

11.358

0.001

−0.658

 Frequency of total contacts (mean 2.61)a

10 (3)

−0.705

−0.932

−0.479

−0.101

−0.469

0.268

7.501

0.006

−0.604

 Frequency of face to face contacts (median 1.96)a

6 (7)

−0.934

−1.316

−0.552

−0.313

−0.627

0.001

6.061

0.014

−0.621

 Frequency of face to face contacts (mean 3.13)a

8 (5)

−0.764

−1.089

−0.438

−0.322

−0.678

0.034

3.224

0.073

−0.442

Provider

 Contact with exercise physiologist, trainer

6 (7)

−0.762

−1.124

−0.401

−0.398

−0.73

−0.066

2.12

0.145

−0.364

 Combination of dietitian and exercise physiologist

4 (9)

−0.778

−1.222

−0.334

−0.466

−0.778

−0.155

1.272

0.259

−0.312

 Contact with dietitian/ nutritionist

10 (3)

−0.488

−0.677

−0.219

−0.886

−1.316

−0.455

3.093

0.079

0.398

 Interventionist other than dietitian, exercise physiologist, i.e. nurse, doctor

4 (9)

−0.477

−0.848

−0.046

−0.628

−0.928

−0.327

0.5

0.48

0.151

Intensity

 Intensity: number of face to face contacts (median (16)a

7 (6)

−0.804

−1.144

−0.465

−0.32

−0.66

0.02

3.9

0.048

−0.484

 Intensity: number of face to face contacts (mean (20.2)a

4 (9)

−0.784

−1.261

−0.307

−0.481

−0.79

−0.172

1.092

0.296

−0.303

 Intensity: number of total contacts with intervention personnel (median (25.5)a

7 (6)

−0.609

−0.905

−0.314

−0.479

−0.842

−0.117

0.297

0.585

−0.13

 Intensity: number of total contacts with intervention personnel (mean (29.2)

5 (8)

−0.75

−1.075

−0.426

−0.39

−0.684

−0.097

2.599

0.107

−0.36

Other

 Use of theory/model to inform intervention

3 (10)

−0.483

−0.994

0.029

−0.567

−0.807

−0.327

0.086

0.769

0.084

 Baseline HbA1c levels >8%b

5 (8)

−0.943

−1.397

−0.49

−0.441

−0.677

−0.205

3.707

0.054

−0.502

 Baseline HbA1c levels >7%b

12 (1)

−0.608

−0.837

−0.379

−0.13

−0.754

0.494

1.983

0.159

−0.478

 Number of BCT's Median (11)c

6 (7)

−0.469

−0.806

−0.131

−0.627

−0.932

−0.323

0.469

0.494

0.158

 Number of BCT's Mean (14.85)c

4 (9)

−0.694

−1.209

−0.179

−0.53

−0.848

−0.212

0.283

0.595

−0.164

  1. Meta-analysis (random effects model was used to assess the data)
  2. aPresent denotes higher frequency/intensity, absent denotes lower frequency/intensity, above and below mean/median
  3. bPresent denotes high baseline HbA1c, absent denotes lower HbA1c, above and below mean/median
  4. cPresent denotes higher number of BCTs, absent denotes lower number of BCTs, above and below mean/median