Author | Harvest Plot reference | Location | Sample Size | Sample characteristics | PROGRESS Plus measures | Intervention | Control | Physical activity measure | Longest Follow-up | Intervention effective overall? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxcheck study group (1994) [39] | 1 | UK | 6124 | 35–64 year old general practice registered patients | Differential effects: gender | Health check involving nurse counselling to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. | Waiting list | Self-report: frequency of vigorous intensity activity (<1 session/month) | 12 months | yes |
Measured: gender, social capital (marital status), socio-economic status (social class), age | ||||||||||
Activity Counseling Trial writing group (2001) [40] | 2 | US | 874 | 35–75 year primary care patients, inactive, in stable health, English speaking, independent living, able to increase activity | Differential effects: gender | Intervention 1: control group intervention plus a behavioural counselling session with health educator and follow-up phone call. | Physician advice on national physical activity recommendations and information from an on-site health educator. | Self-report:7 day PAR (energy expenditure) | 24 months | N/A – only gender subgroups presented |
Measured: race, occupation (employment status), social capital (marital status), socio-economic status (income), age | Objective V02 Max | |||||||||
Intervention 2: intervention 1 plus continual telephone follow-up over follow-up. | ||||||||||
Burton et al. (1995) [41] | 3 | US | 4195 | >65Â year community dwelling Medicare beneficiaries | Differential effects: disability (Quality of well-being scale) | Preventative health visit delivered by primary care physician and follow-up behavioural counselling if necessary | Pamphlet from American Association of Retired Persons | Self-report: frequency of physical activity (sedentary if <3 sessions/week) | 24Â months | No |
Measured: race, gender, education (years completed), social capital (marital status), socio-economic status (income), age, disability | ||||||||||
Carroll et al. (2010) [42] | 4 | US | 394 | Adult primary care patients, inactive, able to increase activity | Differential effects: race, gender | Computer tailored feedback based on self-reported physical activity | Computer tailored feedback report on preventative tests | Self-report:7Â day PAR (energy expenditure) | 6Â months | No |
Measured: race, occupation (employment status), gender, education (level), social capital (marital status), socio-economic status (income), age | ||||||||||
Conroy et al. (2014) [43] | 5 | US | 99 | 45–64 year old, female primary care patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, able to increase activity | Differential effects: race | Interventionist led 12-weekly group programme incorporating activity goal setting, pedometer and activity self-tracker and mindfulness concepts | Self-guided 12-weekly programme based on the American Health Association’s ‘Choose to Move’ Programme | Self-report: Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ; MET hours/week total activity) | 12 months | No |
Measured: race, education, social capital (marital status), age | ||||||||||
Glasgow et al. (2012) [44] | 6 | US | 463 | 25–75 year primary care patients with type 2 diabetes, body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 and one risk factor for heart disease (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoker), English or Spanish speaking, able to increase activity | Differential effects: race, gender, education (level), age | Intervention 1: internet-based computer assisted diabetes self-management intervention | Enhanced usual care (computerised health risk appraisal feedback) | Self-report: CHAMPS questionnaire (energy expenditure) | 12 months | Yes |
Measured: race, gender, education, social capital (chronic illness resource survey), socio-economic status (income), age | ||||||||||
Intervention 2: intervention 1 plus human support | ||||||||||
Grandes et al. (2011) [45] | 7 | Spain | 4317 | 20–80 family physician registered patients, inactive, stable health | Differential effects: gender, age | Brief physician advice and information plus individualised physical activity plan | Usual care | Self-report:7 day PAR (frequency and duration of physical activity) | 24 months | No |
Measured: occupation (work situation), gender, education (level), socio-economic status (social class), age, disability (health related quality of life) | ||||||||||
Objective V02 Max | ||||||||||
Halbert et al. (2000) [46] | 8 | Australia | 299 | >60 community dwelling general practice patients, inactive, independent living, stable health, able to increase activity | Differential effects: gender | Exercise trainer session plus individualised physical activity advice and plan | Pamphlet promoting good nutrition for older adults | Self-report:7Â day activity log (frequency and duration of physical activity) | 12Â months | Yes |
Measured: age | ||||||||||
Objective: accelerometer (energy expenditure) | ||||||||||
Harrison et al. (2004) [47] | 9 | UK | 545 | >18Â year primary care patients eligible for exercise referral schemes (inactive with risk factors for coronary heart disease) | Differential effects: gender, age | Exercise referral scheme consisting of consultation with exercise officer, written information and reduced entrance fees to a local leisure centre | Leaflets promoting physical activity for health and well-being | Self-report:7Â day PAR (frequency and duration of physical activity) | 12Â months | No |
Measured: race, gender, age | ||||||||||
Harris et al., (2015) [48] | 10 | UK |  | 60–74 year old, general practice registered patients, able to increase activity | Differential effects: gender, age, social capital (participating as a couple), disability (Townsend Disability score) | Pedometer, plus face-to-face consultations with practice nurse incorporating behaviour change techniques, handbook and walking plan | Usual care | Objective: accelerometer (change in average daily step count) | 3 months | Yes |
Measured: race, occupation (retired), gender, education, social capital, Socio-economic status (IMD), age, disability | ||||||||||
Huber et al., (2015) [49] | 11 | US | 90 | 18–55 year, obese (BMI ≥ 30 ≤ 39.9 ky/m2) primary care registered patients | Differential effects: gender | Portion control plate with instructions plus tele-coaching incorporating motivational interviewing over 3-months | Usual care | Self-report: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; total METs/week), 7 day PAR (kcal/day) | 6 months | No |
Measured: race, occupation (working status) gender, education (level), social capital (marital status, household size), age | ||||||||||
Illife et al. (2015) [50] | 12 | UK | 1256 | ≥65 year general practice registered patients, independent living and physically able to participate | Differential effects: gender, age | Intervention 1: Falls exercise management programme incorporating group sessions working on strength, balance and postural stability | Usual care | Self-report: CHAMPS questionnaire (meeting >150 min of MVPA per week), Phone-FITT and PASE | 12 months | Yes |
Measured: place of residence (London or Nottingham), race (English first language), gender, education (completing further education), social capital (social network, social support), age, disability (self-rated health and physical function tests) | ||||||||||
Intervention 2: Otago exercise programme incorporating home-based weight exercises | ||||||||||
Jakicic et al. (2009) [51] | 13 | US | 4376 | 45–74 year old, overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2) primary care registered patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus | Differential effects: race, gender, age | Intensive lifestyle intervention aiming to achieve weight loss and incorporating weekly group education sessions over 6 months and individual support thereafter up to 1 year | Diabetes support condition, incorporating 3 general group educational sessions covering topics of exercise and diet | Self-report: Harvard Alumni Study Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire | 12 months | Yes |
Measured: race, gender, age | ||||||||||
Objective: cardio-respiratory fitness by graded treadmill exercise test | ||||||||||
Koelwijn van Loon et al. (2010) [52] | 14 | Netherlands | 615 | General practice adult patients eligible for cardiovascular risk management | Differential effects: gender, socio-economic status, age | Cardiovascular disease risk management with risk communication and nurse led motivational interviewing | Standard cardiovascular disease risk management with risk communication | Self-report: meeting national physical activity recommendations | 12Â months | No |
Measured: gender, socio-economic status, age | ||||||||||
Lakerveld et al. (2013) [53] | 15 | Netherlands | 662 | 30 to 50Â year general practice patients at risk of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases | Differential effects: gender, education (level), age | Healthy lifestyle counselling from practice nurses plus 3 monthly follow-up sessions | Brochure containing healthy lifestyle information | Self-report: AQuAA questionnaire (sedentary behaviour) | 12Â months | No |
Measured: gender, education (level), age | ||||||||||
Murphy et al. (2012) [54] | 16 | UK | 2160 | >16Â year practice registered patients eligible for Exercise Referral Scheme | Differential effects: gender, socio-economic status (index of multiple deprivation), age | National exercise referral scheme delivered in leisure centres by exercise professionals | Usual care plus leaflet highlighting benefits of exercise | Self-report:7Â day PAR (duration of exercise) | 12Â months | Yes |
Measured: race, occupation (employment status), gender, education (level), social capital (marital status), socio-economic status, age | ||||||||||
Norris et al. (2000) [55] | 17 | US | 812 | >30 year primary care patients registered to attend a well visit, able to increase activity, English speaking, stable health | Differential effects: gender, age | Physician counselling based on PACE protocol and written exercise prescription. Follow-up phone calls in a subset of participants | Usual care | Self-report: PASE questionnaire (physical activity score) and Paffenbarger’s physical activity index | 6 months | Yes |
Measured: race, gender, education (level), social capital (marital status), age, disability (health status) | ||||||||||
Petrella et al. (2003) [56] | 18 | Canada | 284 | >65Â year community dwelling primary care patients, not participating in formal exercise training, able to increase activity, independent living, stable health | Differential effects: gender, age | Physician administered step test plus counselling and recommendations | Usual care | Objective: V02 Max | 12Â months | Yes |
measured: gender, education (years complete), social capital (marital status), socio-economic status (income), age | ||||||||||
Petrella et al. (2010) [57] | 19 | Canada | 360 | 55–85 year community dwelling primary care patients, inactive, English speaking, able to increase activity, stable health | Differential effects: place of residence (urban vs. rural), gender, age | Individualised exercise prescription based on step test results, physician counselling and exercise prescription tailored to stage of change. | individualised exercise prescription based on step test results | Self-report:7 day PAR (energy expenditure) | 12 months | No |
Objective V02 Max | ||||||||||
Measured: place of residence, occupation (employment status), gender, education (level), social capital (living status, marital status), age | ||||||||||
Purath et al. (2013) [58] | 20 | US | 72 | 60–85 years, inactive, community dwelling primary care patients, stable health | Differential effects: gender, social capital (marital status, friend and family support to exercise), socio-economic status (income), age | Fitness test and feedback with goal setting (PACE protocol) plus 10-week telephone follow-up. | Nutrition intervention using a similar format PACE protocol | Self-report: CHAMPS questionnaire (physical activity frequency and energy expenditure) | 6 months | No |
Objective: Senior fitness test (body strength, aerobic endurance and balance) | ||||||||||
Measured: race, gender, education (years complete), social capital, socio-economic status, age | ||||||||||
van Sluijs et al. (2005) [59] | 21 | Netherlands | 396 | 18–70 year primary care patients with hypertension, hyper cholesterolaemia or non-insulin dependent diabetes, inactive, able to increase activity | Differential effects: gender, age | Health care provider consultation discussing physical activity plus two PACE physical activity counsellor visits and telephone follow up | Usual care plus brief physical activity promotion | Self-report: SQUASH questionnaire (duration of physical activity and meeting recommendations) | 12 months | No |
Measured: occupation (employment status), gender, education (level), age | ||||||||||
Steptoe et al. (2001) [60] | 22 | UK | 883 | General practice registered adult patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease, stable health | Differential effects: gender, age, education (attainment) | Nurse behavioural counselling to increase physical activity | Usual care | Self-report: Stages of Change for physical activity questionnaire | 12Â months | Yes |
Measured: race, occupation (employment status), gender, education (attainment), social capital (marital status, social support), age | ||||||||||
Stewart et al. (2001) [61] | 23 | US | 173 | 65–90 year inactive Medicare health maintenance organisation enrolees, stable health, able to increase activity, English speaking | Differential effects: gender, age | Individually tailored programme encouraging participation in community classes plus optional group workshops | Waiting list | Self-report: CHAMPS questionnaire (energy expenditure) | 12 months | Yes |
Measured: race, occupation (working status), gender, education (level), social capital (marital status), socio-economic status (income), age, disability (self-rated health) | ||||||||||
van Steenkiste et al. (2007) [62] | 24 | Netherlands | 490 | 40–75 year general practice registered patients at risk of cardiovascular disease | Differential effects: gender | Physician consultations using a decision support tool encouraging lifestyle change. | Physician consultation with standard written cholesterol guidelines | Self-report: duration of physical activity (>2 h/week) | 6 months | Yes |
Measured: gender, socio-economic status (level), age |