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Table 2 Stepwise dietary changes to achieve healthy diets and sustainable diets

From: Achieving dietary recommendations and reducing greenhouse gas emissions: modelling diets to minimise the change from current intakes

 

Healthy diets

Sustainable diets

 

cumulative percent

GHGE (kgCO2e/d)a

cumulative percent

GHGE (kgCO2e/d)a

(n = 1491)

mean (SD)

(n = 1491)

mean (SD)

 

current

new

current

new

No change

0.1

3.24

3.24

0.0

-

-

Step 1: up to a maximum of 50 % change in the amount of any food group currently eaten

1–20 % change

0.6

2.59 (0.71)

2.67 (0.65)

0.2

2.07 (0.65)

2.14 (0.60)

21–50 % change

7.5

3.24 (0.90)

2.99 (0.65)

4.6

2.78 (0.66)

2.46 (0.36)

Step 2: up to a maximum of 50 % change in the amount of any food group currently eaten and new foods added to the diet

1–3 new items

20.6

3.12 (1.00)

2.96 (0.76)

16.2

2.85 (0.72)

2.47 (0.35)

4–6 new items

45.3

3.14 (1.14)

2.75 (0.73)

38.7

2.93 (0.90)

2.44 (0.44)

7–13 new items

58.6

2.64 (1.12)

2.51 (0.65)

52.9

2.64 (1.06)

2.37 (0.46)

Step 3:up to a maximum 50 % increase and/or 75 % reduction in amount of any food group currently eaten and new foods added to the diet

1–3 new items

67.8

4.30 (1.71)

3.38 (0.92)

61.9

3.99 (1.25)

2.66 (0.36)

4–6 new items

86.3

4.09 (1.71)

3.13 (0.81)

83.2

4.14 (1.51)

2.67 (0.40)

7–10 new items

96.1

3.37 (1.74)

2.69 (0.73)

95.2

3.87 (2.01)

2.48 (0.45)

Step 4: up to a maximum of 50 % change in the amount of any food group currently eaten and food items removed from the diet

1–24 items removed

100

4.80 (2.98)

3.46 (1.02)

100

5.25 (3.08)

2.70 (0.46)

Total change in GHGE (kgCO2e/d)

 

3.44 (1.58)

2.91 (0.81)

 

3.44 (1.57)

2.52 (0.43)

  1. aGHGE data are from production to the regional distribution centre (pre-RDC), not the full life cycle